Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study

Purpose: Long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a risk factor for various health problems, including eye diseases, independent of blood pressure (BP) levels. Yet, its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression remains unknown. This study aimed to assess association...

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Main Authors: Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH, Karen Leffondré, PhD, Bénédicte M.J. Merle, PhD, Jean-François Korobelnik, MD, PhD, Catherine Helmer, MD, PhD, Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD, Cécile Delcourt, PhD, Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, PhD, Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-11-01
Series:Ophthalmology Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914525001769
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author Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH
Karen Leffondré, PhD
Bénédicte M.J. Merle, PhD
Jean-François Korobelnik, MD, PhD
Catherine Helmer, MD, PhD
Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD
Cécile Delcourt, PhD
Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, PhD
Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD
author_facet Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH
Karen Leffondré, PhD
Bénédicte M.J. Merle, PhD
Jean-François Korobelnik, MD, PhD
Catherine Helmer, MD, PhD
Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD
Cécile Delcourt, PhD
Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, PhD
Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD
author_sort Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: Long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a risk factor for various health problems, including eye diseases, independent of blood pressure (BP) levels. Yet, its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression remains unknown. This study aimed to assess associations between long-term BPV and the risk of AMD. Design: Prospective analysis of 14-year data from the ALIENOR (Antioxydants, LIpides Essentiels, Nutrition et maladies OculaiRes) study, a French longitudinal population-based cohort study (2006–2020). Participants: The ALIENOR study included 963 participants aged ≥73 years from the Three-City (3C) study in Bordeaux, for an ophthalmic follow-up. Methods: Systolic BPV (SBPV), diastolic BPV (DBPV), and pulse pressure variability (PPV) were determined as the standard deviation of available BP measurements in 3C visits (1999–2017). Main Outcome Measures: Age-related macular degeneration was assessed using retinal color photographs and OCT imaging every 2 years from 2006 to 2020. Shared random effects joint models fitted BPV current values and quantified their effect on AMD onset. The implemented Bayesian approach yielded the mean of adjusted posterior hazard ratios of AMD and their 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). Results: Of the 692 (median age: 79.0 years; 63.5% female) and 475 (median age: 78.5 years; 61.1% female) at-risk participants, 10% and 36% developed advanced and intermediate AMD, respectively. The hazard of advanced AMD was significantly increased by 54% for a 5-mmHg increase in DBPV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.54, 95% CrI: 1.02–2.44), whereas statistical significance was not reached for a 5-mmHg increase in SBPV (aHR: 1.20, 95% CrI: 0.96–1.51) and PPV (aHR: 1.17, 95% CrI: 0.88–1.54). Conversely, BPV was not significantly associated with intermediate AMD (aHR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.83–1.11; aHR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.71–1.30; and aHR: 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.77–1.09; for a 5-mmHg increase in SBPV, DBPV, and PPV, respectively). Conclusions: This study suggested that long-term variability in BP may be associated with an increased risk of advanced AMD, particularly for DBP. These findings underscore the need for further research to confirm this association, explore the underlying mechanisms, and propose potential interventions that could mitigate this risk. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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spelling doaj-art-c1d94bf20521470bbae2fdb12d48c7fc2025-08-20T03:59:41ZengElsevierOphthalmology Science2666-91452025-11-015610087810.1016/j.xops.2025.100878Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR StudyBlondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH0Karen Leffondré, PhD1Bénédicte M.J. Merle, PhD2Jean-François Korobelnik, MD, PhD3Catherine Helmer, MD, PhD4Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD5Cécile Delcourt, PhD6Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, PhD7Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD8University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France; French Retinal Clinical Research Network, F-CRIN, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; French Retinal Clinical Research Network, F-CRIN, France; Correspondence: Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux 33000, France.Purpose: Long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a risk factor for various health problems, including eye diseases, independent of blood pressure (BP) levels. Yet, its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression remains unknown. This study aimed to assess associations between long-term BPV and the risk of AMD. Design: Prospective analysis of 14-year data from the ALIENOR (Antioxydants, LIpides Essentiels, Nutrition et maladies OculaiRes) study, a French longitudinal population-based cohort study (2006–2020). Participants: The ALIENOR study included 963 participants aged ≥73 years from the Three-City (3C) study in Bordeaux, for an ophthalmic follow-up. Methods: Systolic BPV (SBPV), diastolic BPV (DBPV), and pulse pressure variability (PPV) were determined as the standard deviation of available BP measurements in 3C visits (1999–2017). Main Outcome Measures: Age-related macular degeneration was assessed using retinal color photographs and OCT imaging every 2 years from 2006 to 2020. Shared random effects joint models fitted BPV current values and quantified their effect on AMD onset. The implemented Bayesian approach yielded the mean of adjusted posterior hazard ratios of AMD and their 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). Results: Of the 692 (median age: 79.0 years; 63.5% female) and 475 (median age: 78.5 years; 61.1% female) at-risk participants, 10% and 36% developed advanced and intermediate AMD, respectively. The hazard of advanced AMD was significantly increased by 54% for a 5-mmHg increase in DBPV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.54, 95% CrI: 1.02–2.44), whereas statistical significance was not reached for a 5-mmHg increase in SBPV (aHR: 1.20, 95% CrI: 0.96–1.51) and PPV (aHR: 1.17, 95% CrI: 0.88–1.54). Conversely, BPV was not significantly associated with intermediate AMD (aHR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.83–1.11; aHR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.71–1.30; and aHR: 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.77–1.09; for a 5-mmHg increase in SBPV, DBPV, and PPV, respectively). Conclusions: This study suggested that long-term variability in BP may be associated with an increased risk of advanced AMD, particularly for DBP. These findings underscore the need for further research to confirm this association, explore the underlying mechanisms, and propose potential interventions that could mitigate this risk. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914525001769Age-related macular degenerationALIENOR studyBayesian statisticJoint modelLong-term blood pressure variability
spellingShingle Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, MD, MPH
Karen Leffondré, PhD
Bénédicte M.J. Merle, PhD
Jean-François Korobelnik, MD, PhD
Catherine Helmer, MD, PhD
Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD
Cécile Delcourt, PhD
Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, PhD
Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, MD, PhD
Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
Ophthalmology Science
Age-related macular degeneration
ALIENOR study
Bayesian statistic
Joint model
Long-term blood pressure variability
title Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
title_full Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
title_fullStr Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
title_short Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults: The ALIENOR Study
title_sort long term blood pressure variability and risk of age related macular degeneration in older adults the alienor study
topic Age-related macular degeneration
ALIENOR study
Bayesian statistic
Joint model
Long-term blood pressure variability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914525001769
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