Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method
Manganese is a strategic mineral resource primarily utilized in iron and steel metallurgy. As the world’s largest consumer of manganese, China’s future demand for this resource is crucial for its economic and social development and industrial planning. This paper focuses on manganese demand in China...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1538908/full |
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| author | Xuguang Zhao Xuguang Zhao Xiuli Han Hongye Feng Hongye Feng Lei Liu Qunyi Liu Qunyi Liu Guwang Liu Guwang Liu Baohua Du Hongjian Zhu |
| author_facet | Xuguang Zhao Xuguang Zhao Xiuli Han Hongye Feng Hongye Feng Lei Liu Qunyi Liu Qunyi Liu Guwang Liu Guwang Liu Baohua Du Hongjian Zhu |
| author_sort | Xuguang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Manganese is a strategic mineral resource primarily utilized in iron and steel metallurgy. As the world’s largest consumer of manganese, China’s future demand for this resource is crucial for its economic and social development and industrial planning. This paper focuses on manganese demand in China’s iron and steel sector, establishing a combined grey prediction model and support vector regression model (GM-SVR) to forecast China’s crude steel output from 2024 to 2035. Based on this output, we estimate manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 using the steel-to-manganese ratio. We employ qualitative and quantitative analyses to project manganese resource needs for this period by applying the “S” shape law and sectoral demand forecasting methods. These three methods indicate a gradual decrease in China’s manganese demand, with projections of 12.86 million tons in 2025, 11.76 million tons in 2030, and 10.64 million tons in 2035. Despite the yearly decline in demand and tightening environmental policies, the overall need for manganese in China remains substantial. Therefore, increasing investment in manganese ore exploration is essential, as well as enhancing research and development in application technologies, optimizing the structure of manganese-related industries, and improving green growth and resource management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c1bf25f24ab44dc69600da33e98f4595 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-c1bf25f24ab44dc69600da33e98f45952025-08-20T01:49:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-03-011310.3389/feart.2025.15389081538908Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR methodXuguang Zhao0Xuguang Zhao1Xiuli Han2Hongye Feng3Hongye Feng4Lei Liu5Qunyi Liu6Qunyi Liu7Guwang Liu8Guwang Liu9Baohua Du10Hongjian Zhu11College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Heibei, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, ChinaManganese is a strategic mineral resource primarily utilized in iron and steel metallurgy. As the world’s largest consumer of manganese, China’s future demand for this resource is crucial for its economic and social development and industrial planning. This paper focuses on manganese demand in China’s iron and steel sector, establishing a combined grey prediction model and support vector regression model (GM-SVR) to forecast China’s crude steel output from 2024 to 2035. Based on this output, we estimate manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 using the steel-to-manganese ratio. We employ qualitative and quantitative analyses to project manganese resource needs for this period by applying the “S” shape law and sectoral demand forecasting methods. These three methods indicate a gradual decrease in China’s manganese demand, with projections of 12.86 million tons in 2025, 11.76 million tons in 2030, and 10.64 million tons in 2035. Despite the yearly decline in demand and tightening environmental policies, the overall need for manganese in China remains substantial. Therefore, increasing investment in manganese ore exploration is essential, as well as enhancing research and development in application technologies, optimizing the structure of manganese-related industries, and improving green growth and resource management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1538908/fullmanganese resources“S” shaped lawgrey support vector machine modelcrude steel productionsectoral demand forecasting method |
| spellingShingle | Xuguang Zhao Xuguang Zhao Xiuli Han Hongye Feng Hongye Feng Lei Liu Qunyi Liu Qunyi Liu Guwang Liu Guwang Liu Baohua Du Hongjian Zhu Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method Frontiers in Earth Science manganese resources “S” shaped law grey support vector machine model crude steel production sectoral demand forecasting method |
| title | Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method |
| title_full | Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method |
| title_fullStr | Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method |
| title_short | Study on China’s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on GM-SVR method |
| title_sort | study on china s manganese resource demand from 2024 to 2035 based on gm svr method |
| topic | manganese resources “S” shaped law grey support vector machine model crude steel production sectoral demand forecasting method |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1538908/full |
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