Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives

Postbiotics, defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components, including metabolic byproducts, have gained recognition as promising modulators of gut health and disease, offering advantages over probiotics in terms of safety, stability, and formulation. This systematic re...

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Main Authors: Teresa D’Amore, Cinzia Zolfanelli, Vincenzo Lauciello, Alessio Di Ciancia, Alessio Vagliasindi, Slim Smaoui, Theodoros Varzakas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1335
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author Teresa D’Amore
Cinzia Zolfanelli
Vincenzo Lauciello
Alessio Di Ciancia
Alessio Vagliasindi
Slim Smaoui
Theodoros Varzakas
author_facet Teresa D’Amore
Cinzia Zolfanelli
Vincenzo Lauciello
Alessio Di Ciancia
Alessio Vagliasindi
Slim Smaoui
Theodoros Varzakas
author_sort Teresa D’Amore
collection DOAJ
description Postbiotics, defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components, including metabolic byproducts, have gained recognition as promising modulators of gut health and disease, offering advantages over probiotics in terms of safety, stability, and formulation. This systematic review investigates the therapeutic potential of postbiotics derived from functional foods in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, translation into clinical practice remains limited due to a paucity of robust human trials, revealing a significant gap and the need for further translational research. Key bioactive categories of postbiotics are described, alongside their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and chemopreventive mechanisms. Through comprehensive literature mapping, this review uniquely categorizes research according to the experimental models employed, i.e., in vitro, in silico, in vivo, and ex vivo, and advanced models such as organoids and organ-on-chip platforms. The latter offers greater physiological relevance by closely mimicking human tissue architecture and microenvironment. These models help demonstrate how postbiotics may influence tumorigenesis through mechanisms involving inflammation, apoptosis, epigenetic regulation, and the maintenance of gut barrier integrity. Finally, the review summarizes recent innovations in their delivery strategies and calls for comprehensive mechanistic studies and high-quality clinical trials to validate postbiotics as safe and effective adjuncts in CRC prevention, therapy, and management.
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spelling doaj-art-c191cef49da345dcad68505a5efda2292025-08-20T03:27:40ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01136133510.3390/microorganisms13061335Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical PerspectivesTeresa D’Amore0Cinzia Zolfanelli1Vincenzo Lauciello2Alessio Di Ciancia3Alessio Vagliasindi4Slim Smaoui5Theodoros Varzakas6Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, ItalyLaboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, ItalyLaboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, ItalyLaboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, ItalyUnit of Abdominal Oncological Surgery, IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, ItalyLaboratory of Microbial and Enzymes Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Kalamata, GreecePostbiotics, defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components, including metabolic byproducts, have gained recognition as promising modulators of gut health and disease, offering advantages over probiotics in terms of safety, stability, and formulation. This systematic review investigates the therapeutic potential of postbiotics derived from functional foods in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, translation into clinical practice remains limited due to a paucity of robust human trials, revealing a significant gap and the need for further translational research. Key bioactive categories of postbiotics are described, alongside their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and chemopreventive mechanisms. Through comprehensive literature mapping, this review uniquely categorizes research according to the experimental models employed, i.e., in vitro, in silico, in vivo, and ex vivo, and advanced models such as organoids and organ-on-chip platforms. The latter offers greater physiological relevance by closely mimicking human tissue architecture and microenvironment. These models help demonstrate how postbiotics may influence tumorigenesis through mechanisms involving inflammation, apoptosis, epigenetic regulation, and the maintenance of gut barrier integrity. Finally, the review summarizes recent innovations in their delivery strategies and calls for comprehensive mechanistic studies and high-quality clinical trials to validate postbiotics as safe and effective adjuncts in CRC prevention, therapy, and management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1335postbioticscolorectal cancercarcinogenesisfunctional foodadvanced preclinical modelsdisease modelling
spellingShingle Teresa D’Amore
Cinzia Zolfanelli
Vincenzo Lauciello
Alessio Di Ciancia
Alessio Vagliasindi
Slim Smaoui
Theodoros Varzakas
Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
Microorganisms
postbiotics
colorectal cancer
carcinogenesis
functional food
advanced preclinical models
disease modelling
title Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
title_full Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
title_fullStr Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
title_short Using Postbiotics from Functional Foods for Managing Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Sources, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Perspectives
title_sort using postbiotics from functional foods for managing colorectal cancer mechanisms sources therapeutic potential and clinical perspectives
topic postbiotics
colorectal cancer
carcinogenesis
functional food
advanced preclinical models
disease modelling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1335
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