Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract Background This study evaluated the impact and correlation of physiochemical parameters of water from various culture environments on the prevalence of Aeromonas species. The physicochemical parameters of water samples obtained from 36 farms, which included earthen ponds, plastic tanks, and...

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Main Authors: Deborah Arimie Adah, Lawal Saidu, Sonnie Joshua Oniye, Moshood Abiola Raji, Adakole Sylvanus Adah, Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu, Omodolapo Morohunranti Obisesan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04830-9
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author Deborah Arimie Adah
Lawal Saidu
Sonnie Joshua Oniye
Moshood Abiola Raji
Adakole Sylvanus Adah
Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
Omodolapo Morohunranti Obisesan
author_facet Deborah Arimie Adah
Lawal Saidu
Sonnie Joshua Oniye
Moshood Abiola Raji
Adakole Sylvanus Adah
Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
Omodolapo Morohunranti Obisesan
author_sort Deborah Arimie Adah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study evaluated the impact and correlation of physiochemical parameters of water from various culture environments on the prevalence of Aeromonas species. The physicochemical parameters of water samples obtained from 36 farms, which included earthen ponds, plastic tanks, and concrete tanks were analysed. The isolated Aeromonas species were further characterised biochemically and molecularly employing the 16s rRNA polymerase chain reaction. Results The monthly count of the presumptive Aeromonas species varied from the different culture facilities and ranged between the least value of 0.2 ± 0.1 × 101 observed in plastic tanks and the highest value of 7.2 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU per 100 ml in earthen ponds and was significantly different at P < 0.05. There were variations in each of the assessed physicochemical parameters of the water from the fish farms and the values of ammonia (1.1 mg/l), nitrite (1.2 mg/l), nitrate (96 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (4.2 mg/l), and chemical oxygen demand (19.6 mg/l) were not within the acceptable limit. Except for ammonia, nitrite, and biochemical oxygen demand in concrete ponds and plastic tanks, all the parameters exhibited a positive correlation with each other. The relationship between the parameters and Aeromonas species across the various culture facilities showed positive correlations with pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and biochemical oxygen demand; conversely, temperature, nitrate, carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia showed a negative association that influenced the prevalence of Aeromonas species. Conclusion The quality of water in aquaculture plays a critical role in determining fish health, growth, and overall production levels, with poor conditions potentially leading to financial losses. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain and monitor optimal water quality, as it directly influences fish survival, growth rates, and their resistance against diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-c18a3c0262f441fdbe173db0338a4df82025-08-20T03:22:07ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-05-0121111610.1186/s12917-025-04830-9Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, NigeriaDeborah Arimie Adah0Lawal Saidu1Sonnie Joshua Oniye2Moshood Abiola Raji3Adakole Sylvanus Adah4Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu5Omodolapo Morohunranti Obisesan6Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IlorinVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello UniversityDepartment of Biological Science, National Open University of NigeriaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IlorinDepartment of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IlorinDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IlorinDepartment of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology IgbooraAbstract Background This study evaluated the impact and correlation of physiochemical parameters of water from various culture environments on the prevalence of Aeromonas species. The physicochemical parameters of water samples obtained from 36 farms, which included earthen ponds, plastic tanks, and concrete tanks were analysed. The isolated Aeromonas species were further characterised biochemically and molecularly employing the 16s rRNA polymerase chain reaction. Results The monthly count of the presumptive Aeromonas species varied from the different culture facilities and ranged between the least value of 0.2 ± 0.1 × 101 observed in plastic tanks and the highest value of 7.2 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU per 100 ml in earthen ponds and was significantly different at P < 0.05. There were variations in each of the assessed physicochemical parameters of the water from the fish farms and the values of ammonia (1.1 mg/l), nitrite (1.2 mg/l), nitrate (96 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (4.2 mg/l), and chemical oxygen demand (19.6 mg/l) were not within the acceptable limit. Except for ammonia, nitrite, and biochemical oxygen demand in concrete ponds and plastic tanks, all the parameters exhibited a positive correlation with each other. The relationship between the parameters and Aeromonas species across the various culture facilities showed positive correlations with pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and biochemical oxygen demand; conversely, temperature, nitrate, carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia showed a negative association that influenced the prevalence of Aeromonas species. Conclusion The quality of water in aquaculture plays a critical role in determining fish health, growth, and overall production levels, with poor conditions potentially leading to financial losses. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain and monitor optimal water quality, as it directly influences fish survival, growth rates, and their resistance against diseases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04830-9Fish healthPathogenic bacteriaPhysicochemical parametersPrincipal component analysisStress
spellingShingle Deborah Arimie Adah
Lawal Saidu
Sonnie Joshua Oniye
Moshood Abiola Raji
Adakole Sylvanus Adah
Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
Omodolapo Morohunranti Obisesan
Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
BMC Veterinary Research
Fish health
Pathogenic bacteria
Physicochemical parameters
Principal component analysis
Stress
title Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
title_full Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
title_fullStr Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
title_short Multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of Aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria
title_sort multivariate analyses of water quality indices and incidence of aeromonas species in water from different holding facilities in kwara state nigeria
topic Fish health
Pathogenic bacteria
Physicochemical parameters
Principal component analysis
Stress
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04830-9
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