Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)

Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.) is a high-value horticultural crop recognized for its significant economic importance and exceptional nutritional profile. We analyzed 76 raspberry accessions (wild and cultivar) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorp...

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Main Authors: Zhifeng Guo, Zhenzhu Fan, Xueyi Li, Haoqi Du, Zhuolong Wu, Tiemei Li, Guohui Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1492
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author Zhifeng Guo
Zhenzhu Fan
Xueyi Li
Haoqi Du
Zhuolong Wu
Tiemei Li
Guohui Yang
author_facet Zhifeng Guo
Zhenzhu Fan
Xueyi Li
Haoqi Du
Zhuolong Wu
Tiemei Li
Guohui Yang
author_sort Zhifeng Guo
collection DOAJ
description Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.) is a high-value horticultural crop recognized for its significant economic importance and exceptional nutritional profile. We analyzed 76 raspberry accessions (wild and cultivar) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, and we established a standardized SRAP system for this species. Genetic similarity differed markedly between markers: SSR values spanned 0.47–0.98 (mean = 0.73), compared to the narrower range of 0.52–0.97 (mean = 0.75) for SRAP. Cultivar accessions exhibited higher intra-group homogeneity than wild accessions, and northeastern wild accessions showed more stable similarity metrics than Guizhou wild accessions. In hierarchical clustering, the resolution varied depending on the labeling marker. The cluster analysis by SSR markers identified two main clusters and further partitioned them into three clusters. In contrast, the SRAP system revealed two primary clusters, which subsequently diverged into five subclusters. SSR markers effectively captured population-level differentiation, whereas SRAP markers enabled precise discrimination of cultivars and ecotypes through non-coding region polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed closer genetic affinity between northeastern wild and cultivated accessions, which diverged significantly from Guizhou. This dual-marker approach revealed complementary information: SSR markers were used to survey genome-wide diversity, while SRAP markers were used to detect structural variations. Their integrated application enhances germplasm characterization efficiency and provides practical strategies for raspberry conservation and molecular breeding.
format Article
id doaj-art-c180bfa6637f4dfa9d99e3c7cd002c57
institution Kabale University
issn 2073-4395
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Agronomy
spelling doaj-art-c180bfa6637f4dfa9d99e3c7cd002c572025-08-20T03:26:14ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-06-01156149210.3390/agronomy15061492Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)Zhifeng Guo0Zhenzhu Fan1Xueyi Li2Haoqi Du3Zhuolong Wu4Tiemei Li5Guohui Yang6College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaRaspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.) is a high-value horticultural crop recognized for its significant economic importance and exceptional nutritional profile. We analyzed 76 raspberry accessions (wild and cultivar) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, and we established a standardized SRAP system for this species. Genetic similarity differed markedly between markers: SSR values spanned 0.47–0.98 (mean = 0.73), compared to the narrower range of 0.52–0.97 (mean = 0.75) for SRAP. Cultivar accessions exhibited higher intra-group homogeneity than wild accessions, and northeastern wild accessions showed more stable similarity metrics than Guizhou wild accessions. In hierarchical clustering, the resolution varied depending on the labeling marker. The cluster analysis by SSR markers identified two main clusters and further partitioned them into three clusters. In contrast, the SRAP system revealed two primary clusters, which subsequently diverged into five subclusters. SSR markers effectively captured population-level differentiation, whereas SRAP markers enabled precise discrimination of cultivars and ecotypes through non-coding region polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed closer genetic affinity between northeastern wild and cultivated accessions, which diverged significantly from Guizhou. This dual-marker approach revealed complementary information: SSR markers were used to survey genome-wide diversity, while SRAP markers were used to detect structural variations. Their integrated application enhances germplasm characterization efficiency and provides practical strategies for raspberry conservation and molecular breeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1492raspberrySSRSRAPgenetic diversityphylogenetic relationships
spellingShingle Zhifeng Guo
Zhenzhu Fan
Xueyi Li
Haoqi Du
Zhuolong Wu
Tiemei Li
Guohui Yang
Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
Agronomy
raspberry
SSR
SRAP
genetic diversity
phylogenetic relationships
title Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
title_full Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
title_fullStr Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
title_full_unstemmed Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
title_short Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i> L.)
title_sort combined analysis of srap and ssr markers reveals genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in raspberry i rubus idaeus i l
topic raspberry
SSR
SRAP
genetic diversity
phylogenetic relationships
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1492
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