Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM

Ocean moored buoys are essential ocean monitoring devices that are permanently moored in the sea to collect real-time hydrological and meteorological data. In response to the anomalies and missing data in datasets collected from ocean moored buoys, this paper innovatively established an intelligent...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Miaomiao Song, Saiyu Gao, Shixuan Liu, Yuzhe Xu, Shizhe Chen, Jiming Zhang, Wenqing Li, Keke Zhang, Xiao Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1528587/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849310686825414656
author Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Saiyu Gao
Saiyu Gao
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Shizhe Chen
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
author_facet Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Saiyu Gao
Saiyu Gao
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Shizhe Chen
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
author_sort Miaomiao Song
collection DOAJ
description Ocean moored buoys are essential ocean monitoring devices that are permanently moored in the sea to collect real-time hydrological and meteorological data. In response to the anomalies and missing data in datasets collected from ocean moored buoys, this paper innovatively established an intelligent quality control Transformer-Encoder-BiLSTM model. This model can impute missing data and identify anomalies in buoy datasets. The model first uses the multi-head attention mechanism of the Transformer Encoder to extract global features from time-series data of buoy observations. Subsequently, it utilizes the BiLSTM network for temporal reasoning training to capture dynamic changes within the time series, predicted data. Finally, using the predicted data as a benchmark, the model conducts anomaly detection, fills in missing values, and rectifies stuck values. We conducted a series of comprehensive experiments, with the data from Buoy No. 0199 in Qingdao, China as an illustrative example. The experimental results indicate that the performance indicator R² of the model is above 0.9, the accuracy of quality control is above 97%, while both precision and recall are above 84%. The F1 scores range between 81.61% and 90.09%. These experiments demonstrate that this method exhibits high accuracy and efficiency in filling in missing data, rectifying stuck values and identifying anomalous data, showing broad application potential.
format Article
id doaj-art-c1776db984054b2aaf80ae307a1e8b7c
institution Kabale University
issn 2296-7745
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Marine Science
spelling doaj-art-c1776db984054b2aaf80ae307a1e8b7c2025-08-20T03:53:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-04-011210.3389/fmars.2025.15285871528587Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTMMiaomiao Song0Miaomiao Song1Miaomiao Song2Saiyu Gao3Saiyu Gao4Shixuan Liu5Shixuan Liu6Shixuan Liu7Yuzhe Xu8Yuzhe Xu9Yuzhe Xu10Shizhe Chen11Jiming Zhang12Jiming Zhang13Jiming Zhang14Wenqing Li15Wenqing Li16Wenqing Li17Keke Zhang18Keke Zhang19Keke Zhang20Xiao Fu21Xiao Fu22Xiao Fu23Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaLaoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Ocean Technology Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, ChinaOcean moored buoys are essential ocean monitoring devices that are permanently moored in the sea to collect real-time hydrological and meteorological data. In response to the anomalies and missing data in datasets collected from ocean moored buoys, this paper innovatively established an intelligent quality control Transformer-Encoder-BiLSTM model. This model can impute missing data and identify anomalies in buoy datasets. The model first uses the multi-head attention mechanism of the Transformer Encoder to extract global features from time-series data of buoy observations. Subsequently, it utilizes the BiLSTM network for temporal reasoning training to capture dynamic changes within the time series, predicted data. Finally, using the predicted data as a benchmark, the model conducts anomaly detection, fills in missing values, and rectifies stuck values. We conducted a series of comprehensive experiments, with the data from Buoy No. 0199 in Qingdao, China as an illustrative example. The experimental results indicate that the performance indicator R² of the model is above 0.9, the accuracy of quality control is above 97%, while both precision and recall are above 84%. The F1 scores range between 81.61% and 90.09%. These experiments demonstrate that this method exhibits high accuracy and efficiency in filling in missing data, rectifying stuck values and identifying anomalous data, showing broad application potential.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1528587/fullocean moored buoydata quality controltransformer encoderBiLSTManomaly detectiondata correction
spellingShingle Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Miaomiao Song
Saiyu Gao
Saiyu Gao
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Shixuan Liu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Yuzhe Xu
Shizhe Chen
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Jiming Zhang
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Wenqing Li
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Keke Zhang
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
Xiao Fu
Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
Frontiers in Marine Science
ocean moored buoy
data quality control
transformer encoder
BiLSTM
anomaly detection
data correction
title Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
title_full Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
title_fullStr Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
title_full_unstemmed Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
title_short Intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and BiLSTM
title_sort intelligent quality control method for marine buoy data based on transformer encoder and bilstm
topic ocean moored buoy
data quality control
transformer encoder
BiLSTM
anomaly detection
data correction
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1528587/full
work_keys_str_mv AT miaomiaosong intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT miaomiaosong intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT miaomiaosong intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT saiyugao intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT saiyugao intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT shixuanliu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT shixuanliu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT shixuanliu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT yuzhexu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT yuzhexu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT yuzhexu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT shizhechen intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT jimingzhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT jimingzhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT jimingzhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT wenqingli intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT wenqingli intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT wenqingli intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT kekezhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT kekezhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT kekezhang intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT xiaofu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT xiaofu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm
AT xiaofu intelligentqualitycontrolmethodformarinebuoydatabasedontransformerencoderandbilstm