Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen

The gut microbiome plays a major role in promoting organismal homeostasis. Mosquito microbiota influences various aspects of host physiology such as immunity, development and vector competence. Most studies addressing mosquito microbiota consist of microbial diversity profiling and rarely investigat...

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Main Authors: Rim Wehbe, Aline Karaki, Zakaria Kambris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1649545/full
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author Rim Wehbe
Aline Karaki
Zakaria Kambris
author_facet Rim Wehbe
Aline Karaki
Zakaria Kambris
author_sort Rim Wehbe
collection DOAJ
description The gut microbiome plays a major role in promoting organismal homeostasis. Mosquito microbiota influences various aspects of host physiology such as immunity, development and vector competence. Most studies addressing mosquito microbiota consist of microbial diversity profiling and rarely investigate the effects of individual bacteria on host physiology. This remains an important gap of knowledge, especially since not all naturally occurring gut microbes are passive commensals. Here, we identify a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila that causes mortality to both Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes upon ingestion. In addition, we show that A. hydrophila breaches the gut epithelium and gains access to the hemolymph. Parallel to gut damage, we detect a significant increase in the number of proliferative cells in the midguts of A. hydrophila fed mosquitoes. Moreover, we find that this bacterium induces a local immune response in the gut leading to the production of anti-microbial peptides. Finally, whole genome sequencing of the isolated strain revealed that it possesses an arsenal of virulence and resistance genes, which provides mechanistic insights into its mosquitocidal activity. This study reports a novel mosquito pathogen and highlights how a bacterial species inhabiting the gut can impact the host’s survival and homeostasis.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-c16e8b93614e4e098834d8e2d13c2e532025-08-20T03:41:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-08-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.16495451649545Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogenRim WehbeAline KarakiZakaria KambrisThe gut microbiome plays a major role in promoting organismal homeostasis. Mosquito microbiota influences various aspects of host physiology such as immunity, development and vector competence. Most studies addressing mosquito microbiota consist of microbial diversity profiling and rarely investigate the effects of individual bacteria on host physiology. This remains an important gap of knowledge, especially since not all naturally occurring gut microbes are passive commensals. Here, we identify a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila that causes mortality to both Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes upon ingestion. In addition, we show that A. hydrophila breaches the gut epithelium and gains access to the hemolymph. Parallel to gut damage, we detect a significant increase in the number of proliferative cells in the midguts of A. hydrophila fed mosquitoes. Moreover, we find that this bacterium induces a local immune response in the gut leading to the production of anti-microbial peptides. Finally, whole genome sequencing of the isolated strain revealed that it possesses an arsenal of virulence and resistance genes, which provides mechanistic insights into its mosquitocidal activity. This study reports a novel mosquito pathogen and highlights how a bacterial species inhabiting the gut can impact the host’s survival and homeostasis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1649545/fullmosquito pathogenmicrobiotagut damagecell proliferationinnate immunityAeromonas hydrophila
spellingShingle Rim Wehbe
Aline Karaki
Zakaria Kambris
Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
mosquito pathogen
microbiota
gut damage
cell proliferation
innate immunity
Aeromonas hydrophila
title Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
title_full Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
title_fullStr Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
title_full_unstemmed Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
title_short Identification of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
title_sort identification of an aeromonas hydrophila strain as a new mosquito pathogen
topic mosquito pathogen
microbiota
gut damage
cell proliferation
innate immunity
Aeromonas hydrophila
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1649545/full
work_keys_str_mv AT rimwehbe identificationofanaeromonashydrophilastrainasanewmosquitopathogen
AT alinekaraki identificationofanaeromonashydrophilastrainasanewmosquitopathogen
AT zakariakambris identificationofanaeromonashydrophilastrainasanewmosquitopathogen