Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy

Allergic diseases, including allergic conjunctivitis (AC), pose a significant health burden, affecting both developed and developing nations. Despite its importance, AC is often underreported, leading to underestimated incidence and prevalence. The coexistence of AC with allergic rhinitis and its co...

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Main Authors: Padukudru Anand Mahesh, Shambo Samrat Samajdar, Sowmya Arudi Nagarajan, Greeshma Mandya Venkatesh Murthy, Saibal Moitra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2853_23
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author Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Shambo Samrat Samajdar
Sowmya Arudi Nagarajan
Greeshma Mandya Venkatesh Murthy
Saibal Moitra
author_facet Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Shambo Samrat Samajdar
Sowmya Arudi Nagarajan
Greeshma Mandya Venkatesh Murthy
Saibal Moitra
author_sort Padukudru Anand Mahesh
collection DOAJ
description Allergic diseases, including allergic conjunctivitis (AC), pose a significant health burden, affecting both developed and developing nations. Despite its importance, AC is often underreported, leading to underestimated incidence and prevalence. The coexistence of AC with allergic rhinitis and its comorbidity with asthma underscore its clinical relevance. The prevalence of nasal symptoms with eye symptoms related to eye allergy varies among different age groups and regions worldwide. Climatic factors, aeroallergens, and environmental exposure play significant roles in the prevalence of ocular allergies. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represents the only disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the history, mechanisms, and evidence of AIT for ocular allergies, with a focus on AC. The primary routes of AIT, subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are discussed in detail. The evidence for AIT in treating AC is extensive and demonstrates its effectiveness in alleviating ocular symptoms, reducing medication usage, and improving the quality of life in patients. Both SCIT and SLIT have shown positive results, with SLIT having a more favorable safety profile. Considerations for initiating and maintaining AIT, including adherence, financial burden, and treatment duration, are highlighted. In summary, AIT is a valuable treatment option for AC, offering long-term symptom relief and potential cost-effectiveness. By understanding the history, mechanisms, and evidence of AIT, healthcare providers can better manage ocular allergies and improve patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-c14fb40dd45a45bdaae1870a3417a3f42025-08-20T02:11:34ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Ophthalmology0301-47381998-36892025-04-0173452653610.4103/IJO.IJO_2853_23Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergyPadukudru Anand MaheshShambo Samrat SamajdarSowmya Arudi NagarajanGreeshma Mandya Venkatesh MurthySaibal MoitraAllergic diseases, including allergic conjunctivitis (AC), pose a significant health burden, affecting both developed and developing nations. Despite its importance, AC is often underreported, leading to underestimated incidence and prevalence. The coexistence of AC with allergic rhinitis and its comorbidity with asthma underscore its clinical relevance. The prevalence of nasal symptoms with eye symptoms related to eye allergy varies among different age groups and regions worldwide. Climatic factors, aeroallergens, and environmental exposure play significant roles in the prevalence of ocular allergies. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represents the only disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the history, mechanisms, and evidence of AIT for ocular allergies, with a focus on AC. The primary routes of AIT, subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are discussed in detail. The evidence for AIT in treating AC is extensive and demonstrates its effectiveness in alleviating ocular symptoms, reducing medication usage, and improving the quality of life in patients. Both SCIT and SLIT have shown positive results, with SLIT having a more favorable safety profile. Considerations for initiating and maintaining AIT, including adherence, financial burden, and treatment duration, are highlighted. In summary, AIT is a valuable treatment option for AC, offering long-term symptom relief and potential cost-effectiveness. By understanding the history, mechanisms, and evidence of AIT, healthcare providers can better manage ocular allergies and improve patient outcomes.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2853_23allergen immunotherapyallergic conjunctivitisimmune resistancesubcutaneous immunotherapysublingual immunotherapy
spellingShingle Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Shambo Samrat Samajdar
Sowmya Arudi Nagarajan
Greeshma Mandya Venkatesh Murthy
Saibal Moitra
Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
allergen immunotherapy
allergic conjunctivitis
immune resistance
subcutaneous immunotherapy
sublingual immunotherapy
title Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
title_full Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
title_fullStr Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
title_short Immunotherapy: Current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
title_sort immunotherapy current indications and recommendations in the management of ocular allergy
topic allergen immunotherapy
allergic conjunctivitis
immune resistance
subcutaneous immunotherapy
sublingual immunotherapy
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2853_23
work_keys_str_mv AT padukudruanandmahesh immunotherapycurrentindicationsandrecommendationsinthemanagementofocularallergy
AT shambosamratsamajdar immunotherapycurrentindicationsandrecommendationsinthemanagementofocularallergy
AT sowmyaarudinagarajan immunotherapycurrentindicationsandrecommendationsinthemanagementofocularallergy
AT greeshmamandyavenkateshmurthy immunotherapycurrentindicationsandrecommendationsinthemanagementofocularallergy
AT saibalmoitra immunotherapycurrentindicationsandrecommendationsinthemanagementofocularallergy