Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 MSI imagery, corrected using the Case-2 Regional Coast Colour (C2RCC) algorithm in SNAP software (Sentinel Application Platform), for estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended solids (TSS) in Deran Lake, a karstic lake with minimal anth...

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Main Authors: A. Batina, A. Šiljeg, G. Pedić, M. Parać
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-07-01
Series:The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Online Access:https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W13-2025/65/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W13-2025-65-2025.pdf
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author A. Batina
A. Šiljeg
G. Pedić
M. Parać
author_facet A. Batina
A. Šiljeg
G. Pedić
M. Parać
author_sort A. Batina
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluates the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 MSI imagery, corrected using the Case-2 Regional Coast Colour (C2RCC) algorithm in SNAP software (Sentinel Application Platform), for estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended solids (TSS) in Deran Lake, a karstic lake with minimal anthropogenic pressure within Hutovo Blato Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In situ measurements were collected in March 2025 using a YSI EXO2s multiparameter probe at ten monitoring stations under the SMART-Water project. TSS was used as a proxy for total suspended matter (TSM). A regression analysis between satellite-derived and measured values showed a strong correlation for TSS/TSM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76) and a moderate correlation for Chl-a (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.61). Spatial averaging over 5&times;5-pixel windows improved estimation accuracy, yielding R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.85 for TSS/TSM and 0.69 for Chl-a. Thematics maps of SNAP-derived Chl-a and TSS/TSM distribution was performed using QGIS 3.40. Chl-a concentrations confirmed oligotrophic conditions, while TSS patterns aligned with known hydrodynamic features such as inflow zones and sediment resuspension areas. These findings align with other regional studies demonstrating Sentinel-2&rsquo;s potential for monitoring small and optically complex waterbodies when paired with appropriate atmospheric correction, statistical estimators (e.g., mean), and spatial windowing strategies. This work reinforces the value of remote sensing for cost-effective, high-resolution monitoring of inland waters, improving water resource management across diverse ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-c14e4aea36ef4b3498ebbaf36c7d19622025-08-20T03:17:03ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences1682-17502194-90342025-07-01XLVIII-4-W13-2025657210.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W13-2025-65-2025Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and HerzegovinaA. Batina0A. Šiljeg1G. Pedić2M. Parać3University of Zadar, Center for Geospatial Technologies, Trg kneza Višeslava 9, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaUniversity of Zadar, Department of Geography, Trg kneza Višeslava 9, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaUniversity of Zadar, Center for Geospatial Technologies, Trg kneza Višeslava 9, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaRuđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of traces, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThis study evaluates the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 MSI imagery, corrected using the Case-2 Regional Coast Colour (C2RCC) algorithm in SNAP software (Sentinel Application Platform), for estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended solids (TSS) in Deran Lake, a karstic lake with minimal anthropogenic pressure within Hutovo Blato Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In situ measurements were collected in March 2025 using a YSI EXO2s multiparameter probe at ten monitoring stations under the SMART-Water project. TSS was used as a proxy for total suspended matter (TSM). A regression analysis between satellite-derived and measured values showed a strong correlation for TSS/TSM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76) and a moderate correlation for Chl-a (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.61). Spatial averaging over 5&times;5-pixel windows improved estimation accuracy, yielding R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.85 for TSS/TSM and 0.69 for Chl-a. Thematics maps of SNAP-derived Chl-a and TSS/TSM distribution was performed using QGIS 3.40. Chl-a concentrations confirmed oligotrophic conditions, while TSS patterns aligned with known hydrodynamic features such as inflow zones and sediment resuspension areas. These findings align with other regional studies demonstrating Sentinel-2&rsquo;s potential for monitoring small and optically complex waterbodies when paired with appropriate atmospheric correction, statistical estimators (e.g., mean), and spatial windowing strategies. This work reinforces the value of remote sensing for cost-effective, high-resolution monitoring of inland waters, improving water resource management across diverse ecosystems.https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W13-2025/65/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W13-2025-65-2025.pdf
spellingShingle A. Batina
A. Šiljeg
G. Pedić
M. Parać
Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
title Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_full Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_fullStr Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_full_unstemmed Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_short Utilizing Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring in Deran Lake, Bosnia and Herzegovina
title_sort utilizing sentinel 2 remote sensing for water quality monitoring in deran lake bosnia and herzegovina
url https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W13-2025/65/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W13-2025-65-2025.pdf
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