Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy

<b>Background:</b> Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasingly common due to the aging population and widespread use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The objective of this study is to examine the internal composition of CSDH and explore potential risk factors associate...

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Main Authors: Nadja Grübel, Christine Klemptner, Benjamin Mayer, Frank Runck, Gregor Durner, Christian Rainer Wirtz, Andrej Pala
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2494
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author Nadja Grübel
Christine Klemptner
Benjamin Mayer
Frank Runck
Gregor Durner
Christian Rainer Wirtz
Andrej Pala
author_facet Nadja Grübel
Christine Klemptner
Benjamin Mayer
Frank Runck
Gregor Durner
Christian Rainer Wirtz
Andrej Pala
author_sort Nadja Grübel
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasingly common due to the aging population and widespread use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The objective of this study is to examine the internal composition of CSDH and explore potential risk factors associated with its recurrence. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study analyzed data from 189 patients who underwent surgery in our department between 2014 and 2018. Recorded data included demographics, clinical information, details of surgical interventions, computer tomography (CT) scans, neurological assessments, and follow-up data. The outcome was evaluated clinically and through CT follow-up conducted 4–12 weeks post-surgery. CT scans measured various parameters, including hematoma thickness, hyperdense regions, chronic components, and membrane presence. <b>Results:</b> Patients after the evacuation of CSDH were significantly more common males (66.1%, <i>p</i> > 0.001) had a significantly higher BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 61.6%), arterial hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 68.3%), and the intake of anticoagulant therapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 58%). The recurrence rate was 18.6% after 4 weeks and 2.1% after 8–12 weeks. After uni- and multivariable analysis, the initial hemispheric type (<i>p</i> = 0.019, HR: 3.191; <i>p</i> = 0.012, HR: 3.810) and the increasing preoperative midline shift in CT (<i>p</i> = 0.028, HR: 1.114; <i>p</i> = 0.041, HR: 1.107) were found as independent predictors for recurrence. Overall, outcomes were favorable with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 0–2 at discharge (72%), after 4 (89.7%) and 12 (87%) weeks. <b>Conclusion:</b> According to our data, increasing midline shift before surgery and initial hemispheric type of hematoma were independent predictors of recurrence. Most patients achieved an excellent outcome with a low-risk profile.
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spelling doaj-art-c14bd76fb56247c385d7a4107fd755082025-08-20T01:53:45ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-11-011422249410.3390/diagnostics14222494Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical TherapyNadja Grübel0Christine Klemptner1Benjamin Mayer2Frank Runck3Gregor Durner4Christian Rainer Wirtz5Andrej Pala6Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, GermanyInstitution of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Schwabstrs 13, 89075 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany<b>Background:</b> Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasingly common due to the aging population and widespread use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The objective of this study is to examine the internal composition of CSDH and explore potential risk factors associated with its recurrence. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study analyzed data from 189 patients who underwent surgery in our department between 2014 and 2018. Recorded data included demographics, clinical information, details of surgical interventions, computer tomography (CT) scans, neurological assessments, and follow-up data. The outcome was evaluated clinically and through CT follow-up conducted 4–12 weeks post-surgery. CT scans measured various parameters, including hematoma thickness, hyperdense regions, chronic components, and membrane presence. <b>Results:</b> Patients after the evacuation of CSDH were significantly more common males (66.1%, <i>p</i> > 0.001) had a significantly higher BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 61.6%), arterial hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 68.3%), and the intake of anticoagulant therapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 58%). The recurrence rate was 18.6% after 4 weeks and 2.1% after 8–12 weeks. After uni- and multivariable analysis, the initial hemispheric type (<i>p</i> = 0.019, HR: 3.191; <i>p</i> = 0.012, HR: 3.810) and the increasing preoperative midline shift in CT (<i>p</i> = 0.028, HR: 1.114; <i>p</i> = 0.041, HR: 1.107) were found as independent predictors for recurrence. Overall, outcomes were favorable with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 0–2 at discharge (72%), after 4 (89.7%) and 12 (87%) weeks. <b>Conclusion:</b> According to our data, increasing midline shift before surgery and initial hemispheric type of hematoma were independent predictors of recurrence. Most patients achieved an excellent outcome with a low-risk profile.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2494chronic subdural hematomarecurrenceinternal architectureoutcomehemispheric type
spellingShingle Nadja Grübel
Christine Klemptner
Benjamin Mayer
Frank Runck
Gregor Durner
Christian Rainer Wirtz
Andrej Pala
Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
Diagnostics
chronic subdural hematoma
recurrence
internal architecture
outcome
hemispheric type
title Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
title_full Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
title_fullStr Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
title_short Chronic Subdural Hematomas—A Retrospective Analysis of the Internal Architecture and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrences After Surgical Therapy
title_sort chronic subdural hematomas a retrospective analysis of the internal architecture and evaluation of risk factors for recurrences after surgical therapy
topic chronic subdural hematoma
recurrence
internal architecture
outcome
hemispheric type
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2494
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