Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves

ABSTRACT Acoustic triangulation is a unique, relatively noninvasive monitoring approach that can inform our understanding of a species’ distribution in time and space. Acoustic triangulation relies on standard triangulation techniques to determine the location of an acoustic event. Howl surveys are...

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Main Authors: Jordyn R. O'Gara, Charlie A. Wieder, Elyse C. Mallinger, Alyx N. Simon, Adrian P. Wydeven, Erik R. Olson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-06-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1089
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author Jordyn R. O'Gara
Charlie A. Wieder
Elyse C. Mallinger
Alyx N. Simon
Adrian P. Wydeven
Erik R. Olson
author_facet Jordyn R. O'Gara
Charlie A. Wieder
Elyse C. Mallinger
Alyx N. Simon
Adrian P. Wydeven
Erik R. Olson
author_sort Jordyn R. O'Gara
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Acoustic triangulation is a unique, relatively noninvasive monitoring approach that can inform our understanding of a species’ distribution in time and space. Acoustic triangulation relies on standard triangulation techniques to determine the location of an acoustic event. Howl surveys are frequently used to survey wolves (Canis lupus) and other canids. We evaluated the efficacy of acoustic triangulation for estimating the location of wolves. We measured precision and accuracy of acoustic triangulation using an experimental mock howl survey and field data collected with wild wolves in northern Wisconsin, USA (2014–2018). Precision of acoustic triangulation was similar to triangulation with ground‐based radiotelemetry for both pooled data and individual wolves at specific times, although the 2 techniques did not result in similar predicted locations. Distance from the howl source was the most consistently significant factor influencing the efficacy of acoustic triangulation. Error ellipse size was 33 times smaller at distances <1 km. Wind speed also reduced the accuracy of acoustic triangulation for mock howl surveys. Precision for modified howl surveys with wild wolves improved with the number of bearings. We estimated a mean bearing error of 13.2° (±2.1, 95% CI) for single bearings and a maximum distance of 1.76 km (range = 0.96–1.76 km; x¯ = 1.41 km) detection for audible anthropogenic howls. Such information can be applied to howl survey data to generate more fine‐scale location information for wolf‐pack home sites. Acoustic triangulation of wolves can provide high‐quality location information in areas where wolves are not monitored with radiocollars. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-c13ede2ba00f414dbbce46734b4c4e862025-08-20T01:56:55ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402020-06-0144235136110.1002/wsb.1089Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray WolvesJordyn R. O'Gara0Charlie A. Wieder1Elyse C. Mallinger2Alyx N. Simon3Adrian P. Wydeven4Erik R. Olson5Northland College 1411 Ellis Avenue Ashland WI 54806 USANorthland College 1411 Ellis Avenue Ashland WI 54806 USANorthland College 1411 Ellis Avenue Ashland WI 54806 USANorthland College, 1411 Ellis Avenue 1411 Ellis Avenue Ashland WI 54806 USATimber Wolf Alliance 25350 S Garden Avenue Cable WI 54821 USANorthland College 1411 Ellis Avenue Ashland WI 54806 USAABSTRACT Acoustic triangulation is a unique, relatively noninvasive monitoring approach that can inform our understanding of a species’ distribution in time and space. Acoustic triangulation relies on standard triangulation techniques to determine the location of an acoustic event. Howl surveys are frequently used to survey wolves (Canis lupus) and other canids. We evaluated the efficacy of acoustic triangulation for estimating the location of wolves. We measured precision and accuracy of acoustic triangulation using an experimental mock howl survey and field data collected with wild wolves in northern Wisconsin, USA (2014–2018). Precision of acoustic triangulation was similar to triangulation with ground‐based radiotelemetry for both pooled data and individual wolves at specific times, although the 2 techniques did not result in similar predicted locations. Distance from the howl source was the most consistently significant factor influencing the efficacy of acoustic triangulation. Error ellipse size was 33 times smaller at distances <1 km. Wind speed also reduced the accuracy of acoustic triangulation for mock howl surveys. Precision for modified howl surveys with wild wolves improved with the number of bearings. We estimated a mean bearing error of 13.2° (±2.1, 95% CI) for single bearings and a maximum distance of 1.76 km (range = 0.96–1.76 km; x¯ = 1.41 km) detection for audible anthropogenic howls. Such information can be applied to howl survey data to generate more fine‐scale location information for wolf‐pack home sites. Acoustic triangulation of wolves can provide high‐quality location information in areas where wolves are not monitored with radiocollars. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1089Canis latransCanis lupuscoyotehome siteshowl surveynoninvasive monitoring techniques
spellingShingle Jordyn R. O'Gara
Charlie A. Wieder
Elyse C. Mallinger
Alyx N. Simon
Adrian P. Wydeven
Erik R. Olson
Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
Wildlife Society Bulletin
Canis latrans
Canis lupus
coyote
home sites
howl survey
noninvasive monitoring techniques
title Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
title_full Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
title_fullStr Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
title_short Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
title_sort efficacy of acoustic triangulation for gray wolves
topic Canis latrans
Canis lupus
coyote
home sites
howl survey
noninvasive monitoring techniques
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1089
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