Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the male reproductive system. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 10–20% of advanced prostate cancer patients progress to castration-resistant prostate...

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Main Authors: Guangquan Tong, Xiaomeng Jing, Yuning Yang, Xiaowei Wang, Junlin Lu, Jingyi Hu, Yang Wang, Farra Aidah Jumuddin, Wenjing Zhang, Yuesheng Lv
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11397-w
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author Guangquan Tong
Xiaomeng Jing
Yuning Yang
Xiaowei Wang
Junlin Lu
Jingyi Hu
Yang Wang
Farra Aidah Jumuddin
Wenjing Zhang
Yuesheng Lv
author_facet Guangquan Tong
Xiaomeng Jing
Yuning Yang
Xiaowei Wang
Junlin Lu
Jingyi Hu
Yang Wang
Farra Aidah Jumuddin
Wenjing Zhang
Yuesheng Lv
author_sort Guangquan Tong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the male reproductive system. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 10–20% of advanced prostate cancer patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within five years, posing a significant challenge to treatment. There is an urgent need to explore the causes and mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, and to identify new therapeutic targets and predictive markers. Utilize RNA-seq to screen for differentially expressed genes and alternative splicing events between androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Perform bioinformatics analysis on the differentially expressed genes. The expression levels of these genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR); alternative splicing events related to castration resistance were verified through RT-PCR. The impact of the S100A6 gene on the proliferation and growth capabilities of PC3 and DU145 cells was analyzed using CCK8, colony formation, and EdU assays. Cell migration was assessed using a wound healing assay. The RNA-seq analysis results showed that there were 4,830 differentially expressed genes in non-hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. GO enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed significant enrichment in tumor-related signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle process, cell division, and regulation of cell projection organization. Further RT-qPCR detection results indicated that the mRNA expression of four genes, including S100A6, was upregulated, consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Downregulation of S100A6 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of non-hormone-dependent prostate cancer. In this study, we also identified many splicing alterations in cancer-related genes, with castration resistance-induced alternative splicing events closely related to the interaction networks of regulation of cell cycle process, cell division, and regulation of cell projection organization. Our research findings suggest that S100A6 may serve as a molecular marker or therapeutic target associated with castration resistance in prostate cancer, providing new insights into the molecular basis of this disease.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-c13e9447d27e45b1b0653f79595b196d2025-08-20T03:45:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-11397-wScreening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencingGuangquan Tong0Xiaomeng Jing1Yuning Yang2Xiaowei Wang3Junlin Lu4Jingyi Hu5Yang Wang6Farra Aidah Jumuddin7Wenjing Zhang8Yuesheng Lv9Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Lincoln University CollegeInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityAbstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the male reproductive system. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 10–20% of advanced prostate cancer patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within five years, posing a significant challenge to treatment. There is an urgent need to explore the causes and mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, and to identify new therapeutic targets and predictive markers. Utilize RNA-seq to screen for differentially expressed genes and alternative splicing events between androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Perform bioinformatics analysis on the differentially expressed genes. The expression levels of these genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR); alternative splicing events related to castration resistance were verified through RT-PCR. The impact of the S100A6 gene on the proliferation and growth capabilities of PC3 and DU145 cells was analyzed using CCK8, colony formation, and EdU assays. Cell migration was assessed using a wound healing assay. The RNA-seq analysis results showed that there were 4,830 differentially expressed genes in non-hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. GO enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed significant enrichment in tumor-related signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle process, cell division, and regulation of cell projection organization. Further RT-qPCR detection results indicated that the mRNA expression of four genes, including S100A6, was upregulated, consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Downregulation of S100A6 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of non-hormone-dependent prostate cancer. In this study, we also identified many splicing alterations in cancer-related genes, with castration resistance-induced alternative splicing events closely related to the interaction networks of regulation of cell cycle process, cell division, and regulation of cell projection organization. Our research findings suggest that S100A6 may serve as a molecular marker or therapeutic target associated with castration resistance in prostate cancer, providing new insights into the molecular basis of this disease.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11397-wCastration-resistantProstate cancerTranscriptomicsBiomarkers
spellingShingle Guangquan Tong
Xiaomeng Jing
Yuning Yang
Xiaowei Wang
Junlin Lu
Jingyi Hu
Yang Wang
Farra Aidah Jumuddin
Wenjing Zhang
Yuesheng Lv
Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
Scientific Reports
Castration-resistant
Prostate cancer
Transcriptomics
Biomarkers
title Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
title_full Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
title_fullStr Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
title_full_unstemmed Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
title_short Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
title_sort screening and validation of key genes involved in castration resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing
topic Castration-resistant
Prostate cancer
Transcriptomics
Biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11397-w
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