Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme

In this study, bioactive peptides were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein protein with trypsin (pH = 8). The hydrolysates were analyzed for the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and antioxidant activities, viz. 2, 2′-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 3-et...

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Main Authors: Raziyeh Mokhtari, Mansour Rezaei, Mohammad Kazemi Fard, Essa Dirandeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Journal of Food Quality
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1792917
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author Raziyeh Mokhtari
Mansour Rezaei
Mohammad Kazemi Fard
Essa Dirandeh
author_facet Raziyeh Mokhtari
Mansour Rezaei
Mohammad Kazemi Fard
Essa Dirandeh
author_sort Raziyeh Mokhtari
collection DOAJ
description In this study, bioactive peptides were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein protein with trypsin (pH = 8). The hydrolysates were analyzed for the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and antioxidant activities, viz. 2, 2′-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay at three temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C for 4, 5, and 6 hours. Also, the antimicrobial activity of the experimental samples was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The dilution method was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antimicrobial activity of the resulting peptides was investigated by forming growth inhibitory region at three concentrations of 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/ml−1 on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. As the degree of hydrolysis increased, more peptides were produced, and antioxidant activity was increased. All of the experiments were conducted with three replicates. The highest degree of hydrolysis (28.44%) and antioxidant properties (DPPH: 76.62%; FRAP: 55 mM Fe(II); ABTS: 84.05%) was at 60°C and four hours (P<0.05). They were compared with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Peptides had the greatest effect on S. typhimurium at a concentration of 3 mg/ml−1 but did not affect S. aureus (P<0.05). The lowest MIC and MBC were related to B. cereus (3.412 and 7.725 μg/ml), respectively, and the highest were related to S. typhimurium (8.515 and 8.555 μg/ml). This study examines the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of casein-derived peptides and contrasts them with chemically created ones to see whether these peptides can be substituted by chemical antioxidants and antibiotics. The results showed that the bioactive peptides produced from casein have antioxidant and antibacterial properties and can be recommended for the production, enrichment, and formulation of various food products to increase health.
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spelling doaj-art-c130c58888f04db9979bc09f6ec86f752025-08-20T02:19:23ZengWileyJournal of Food Quality1745-45572023-01-01202310.1155/2023/1792917Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin EnzymeRaziyeh Mokhtari0Mansour Rezaei1Mohammad Kazemi Fard2Essa Dirandeh3Department of Animal ScienceDepartment of Animal ScienceDepartment of Animal ScienceDepartment of Animal ScienceIn this study, bioactive peptides were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein protein with trypsin (pH = 8). The hydrolysates were analyzed for the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and antioxidant activities, viz. 2, 2′-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay at three temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C for 4, 5, and 6 hours. Also, the antimicrobial activity of the experimental samples was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The dilution method was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antimicrobial activity of the resulting peptides was investigated by forming growth inhibitory region at three concentrations of 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/ml−1 on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. As the degree of hydrolysis increased, more peptides were produced, and antioxidant activity was increased. All of the experiments were conducted with three replicates. The highest degree of hydrolysis (28.44%) and antioxidant properties (DPPH: 76.62%; FRAP: 55 mM Fe(II); ABTS: 84.05%) was at 60°C and four hours (P<0.05). They were compared with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Peptides had the greatest effect on S. typhimurium at a concentration of 3 mg/ml−1 but did not affect S. aureus (P<0.05). The lowest MIC and MBC were related to B. cereus (3.412 and 7.725 μg/ml), respectively, and the highest were related to S. typhimurium (8.515 and 8.555 μg/ml). This study examines the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of casein-derived peptides and contrasts them with chemically created ones to see whether these peptides can be substituted by chemical antioxidants and antibiotics. The results showed that the bioactive peptides produced from casein have antioxidant and antibacterial properties and can be recommended for the production, enrichment, and formulation of various food products to increase health.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1792917
spellingShingle Raziyeh Mokhtari
Mansour Rezaei
Mohammad Kazemi Fard
Essa Dirandeh
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
Journal of Food Quality
title Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
title_full Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
title_fullStr Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
title_short Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Casein-Derived Bioactive Peptides Using Trypsin Enzyme
title_sort evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of casein derived bioactive peptides using trypsin enzyme
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1792917
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