Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull
IntroductionBirmingham and Solihull face significant challenges related to adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and neonatal death in Birmingham and S...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/full |
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| author | David Ellis Chung Him Au-Yeung Alexander Dallaway Alexander Dallaway Ranjana Basra Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul Jenny Riley Rebecca Howell-Jones Justin Varney Marion Gibbon |
| author_facet | David Ellis Chung Him Au-Yeung Alexander Dallaway Alexander Dallaway Ranjana Basra Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul Jenny Riley Rebecca Howell-Jones Justin Varney Marion Gibbon |
| author_sort | David Ellis |
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| description | IntroductionBirmingham and Solihull face significant challenges related to adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and neonatal death in Birmingham and Solihull.MethodsBirths (n = 41, 231) between October 2020 and April 2023 were analysed. The attributable fraction of premature births and low birth weight (LBW) attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequality was calculated. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified groups that had increased odds of premature birth (n = 3, 312), LBW (n = 1, 197), stillbirth (n = 173), and neonatal death (n = 208).ResultsAttributable fraction analysis estimated that 191 premature births and 211 LBWs each year would not have occurred if all women had the same rates as White women living in the least deprived areas. Ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, medical care, lifestyle, and vulnerability status were found to be significant risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Asian and Black women had 1.4–2.7 times the odds of LBW compared to White women (p < 0.01). Black women had increased odds of stillbirth (OR : 1.75, p = 0.017) and Asian women had increased odds of neonatal death (OR : 1.90, p < 0.001). The odds of LBW (OR : 3.3), premature birth (OR : 27.2), and neonatal death (OR : 5.6) were significantly increased for twins (p < 0.001). For women smoking at delivery, the odds of LBW (OR : 2.3), premature birth (OR : 1.5), and stillbirth (OR : 1.6) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Deprivation, and/or financial and housing issues also increased the odds of adverse birth outcomes (p < 0.05).DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and support for at-risk populations to reduce adverse birth outcomes in vulnerable communities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c1304cb8ae43407e8ecde8b31af715db |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c1304cb8ae43407e8ecde8b31af715db2025-08-20T03:08:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-04-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15449031544903Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and SolihullDavid Ellis0Chung Him Au-Yeung1Alexander Dallaway2Alexander Dallaway3Ranjana Basra4Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul5Jenny Riley6Rebecca Howell-Jones7Justin Varney8Marion Gibbon9Public Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomPublic Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomFaculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Society, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United KingdomWarwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United KingdomBirmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United KingdomBirmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United KingdomPublic Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomPublic Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomPublic Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomPublic Health, Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United KingdomIntroductionBirmingham and Solihull face significant challenges related to adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and neonatal death in Birmingham and Solihull.MethodsBirths (n = 41, 231) between October 2020 and April 2023 were analysed. The attributable fraction of premature births and low birth weight (LBW) attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequality was calculated. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified groups that had increased odds of premature birth (n = 3, 312), LBW (n = 1, 197), stillbirth (n = 173), and neonatal death (n = 208).ResultsAttributable fraction analysis estimated that 191 premature births and 211 LBWs each year would not have occurred if all women had the same rates as White women living in the least deprived areas. Ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, medical care, lifestyle, and vulnerability status were found to be significant risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Asian and Black women had 1.4–2.7 times the odds of LBW compared to White women (p < 0.01). Black women had increased odds of stillbirth (OR : 1.75, p = 0.017) and Asian women had increased odds of neonatal death (OR : 1.90, p < 0.001). The odds of LBW (OR : 3.3), premature birth (OR : 27.2), and neonatal death (OR : 5.6) were significantly increased for twins (p < 0.001). For women smoking at delivery, the odds of LBW (OR : 2.3), premature birth (OR : 1.5), and stillbirth (OR : 1.6) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Deprivation, and/or financial and housing issues also increased the odds of adverse birth outcomes (p < 0.05).DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and support for at-risk populations to reduce adverse birth outcomes in vulnerable communities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/fullpregnancy outcomepregnancy complicationshealth inequitiessocial determinants of healthsocioeconomic factorsethnicity |
| spellingShingle | David Ellis Chung Him Au-Yeung Alexander Dallaway Alexander Dallaway Ranjana Basra Sylvia Owusu-Nepaul Jenny Riley Rebecca Howell-Jones Justin Varney Marion Gibbon Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull Frontiers in Public Health pregnancy outcome pregnancy complications health inequities social determinants of health socioeconomic factors ethnicity |
| title | Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull |
| title_full | Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull |
| title_fullStr | Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull |
| title_short | Wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Birmingham and Solihull |
| title_sort | wider determinants of adverse birth outcomes in birmingham and solihull |
| topic | pregnancy outcome pregnancy complications health inequities social determinants of health socioeconomic factors ethnicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1544903/full |
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