Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: In 2022, the full-scale invasion in Ukraine forced over 6 million Ukrainians, primarily mothers and children, to seek safety outside of the country. This massive influx has posed a significant challenge to the Polish healthcare system, particularly regarding routine vaccinatio...

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Main Authors: Katarzyna Lewtak, Joanna Mazur, Harriet Dwyer, Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek, Anastasiya Atif, Tomasz Maciejewski, Dorota Kleszczewska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/325
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author Katarzyna Lewtak
Joanna Mazur
Harriet Dwyer
Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek
Anastasiya Atif
Tomasz Maciejewski
Dorota Kleszczewska
author_facet Katarzyna Lewtak
Joanna Mazur
Harriet Dwyer
Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek
Anastasiya Atif
Tomasz Maciejewski
Dorota Kleszczewska
author_sort Katarzyna Lewtak
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: In 2022, the full-scale invasion in Ukraine forced over 6 million Ukrainians, primarily mothers and children, to seek safety outside of the country. This massive influx has posed a significant challenge to the Polish healthcare system, particularly regarding routine vaccination for children. This study aims to examine the vaccination intentions of displaced Ukrainian mothers, their compliance with the Polish National Immunisation Programme (PNIP), and the factors that influence these intentions. Methods: A web-based survey (June–July 2023) was conducted among Ukrainian mothers in Poland. The questionnaire assessed the importance placed on vaccination, knowledge of PNIP, and concerns related to displacement and vaccination. Hierarchical logistic regression identified key determinants. Results: Among 2572 respondents, 64.5% reported that their children had received only some or none of the recommended vaccines. Key barriers included unfamiliarity with PNIP, limited knowledge of vaccines, and concerns about vaccine side effects. Of mothers whose children had not followed PNIP, 41.7% intended to vaccinate, 33.1% refused, and 25.2% were undecided. Regression analysis identified perception of vaccination importance as the strongest predictor. Partial adherence to PNIP doubled vaccination likelihood, while a firm plan to return to Ukraine reduced it 2.4 times. Mistrust in vaccines increased refusal risk tenfold. The final model confirmed mothers’ attitudes towards vaccination and future plans (return to Ukraine) as dominant factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the complex determinants shaping vaccination decisions in conflict-displaced communities. It provides insights for public health strategies to enhance vaccine uptake by reducing access barriers, restoring trust, and strengthening vaccine literacy.
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spelling doaj-art-c12860f3dc084cf5b45c02bfc31471462025-08-20T02:43:04ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-03-0113332510.3390/vaccines13030325Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional StudyKatarzyna Lewtak0Joanna Mazur1Harriet Dwyer2Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek3Anastasiya Atif4Tomasz Maciejewski5Dorota Kleszczewska6Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Humanization of Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, PolandDepartment of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKUNICEF Refugee Response Office in Poland, 00-869 Warsaw, PolandUNICEF Refugee Response Office in Poland, 00-869 Warsaw, PolandClinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Mother and Child Foundation, 01-211 Warsaw, PolandBackground/Objectives: In 2022, the full-scale invasion in Ukraine forced over 6 million Ukrainians, primarily mothers and children, to seek safety outside of the country. This massive influx has posed a significant challenge to the Polish healthcare system, particularly regarding routine vaccination for children. This study aims to examine the vaccination intentions of displaced Ukrainian mothers, their compliance with the Polish National Immunisation Programme (PNIP), and the factors that influence these intentions. Methods: A web-based survey (June–July 2023) was conducted among Ukrainian mothers in Poland. The questionnaire assessed the importance placed on vaccination, knowledge of PNIP, and concerns related to displacement and vaccination. Hierarchical logistic regression identified key determinants. Results: Among 2572 respondents, 64.5% reported that their children had received only some or none of the recommended vaccines. Key barriers included unfamiliarity with PNIP, limited knowledge of vaccines, and concerns about vaccine side effects. Of mothers whose children had not followed PNIP, 41.7% intended to vaccinate, 33.1% refused, and 25.2% were undecided. Regression analysis identified perception of vaccination importance as the strongest predictor. Partial adherence to PNIP doubled vaccination likelihood, while a firm plan to return to Ukraine reduced it 2.4 times. Mistrust in vaccines increased refusal risk tenfold. The final model confirmed mothers’ attitudes towards vaccination and future plans (return to Ukraine) as dominant factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the complex determinants shaping vaccination decisions in conflict-displaced communities. It provides insights for public health strategies to enhance vaccine uptake by reducing access barriers, restoring trust, and strengthening vaccine literacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/325vaccination intentionvaccine uptakenational immunisation programmevaccine hesitancyrefugeesUkraine
spellingShingle Katarzyna Lewtak
Joanna Mazur
Harriet Dwyer
Agnieszka Sochoń-Latuszek
Anastasiya Atif
Tomasz Maciejewski
Dorota Kleszczewska
Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
Vaccines
vaccination intention
vaccine uptake
national immunisation programme
vaccine hesitancy
refugees
Ukraine
title Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Determinants of Ukrainian Mothers’ Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort determinants of ukrainian mothers intentions to vaccinate their children in poland a cross sectional study
topic vaccination intention
vaccine uptake
national immunisation programme
vaccine hesitancy
refugees
Ukraine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/325
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