A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has received significant attention over the past five years as a key component of the 6G vision for next-generation communication systems. Starting with the fundamentals of ISAC, we present strategies focused on sensing-centric and communication-centric IS...
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| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015430/ |
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| author | Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak Mustafa Namdar Arif Basgumus Serdar Ozyurt Selman Kulac Nurullah Calik Mehmet Akif Yazici Ahmet Serbes Lutfiye Durak-Ata |
| author_facet | Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak Mustafa Namdar Arif Basgumus Serdar Ozyurt Selman Kulac Nurullah Calik Mehmet Akif Yazici Ahmet Serbes Lutfiye Durak-Ata |
| author_sort | Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has received significant attention over the past five years as a key component of the 6G vision for next-generation communication systems. Starting with the fundamentals of ISAC, we present strategies focused on sensing-centric and communication-centric ISAC systems that satisfy both radar and communication objectives using the same physical hardware and waveform. The communication-centric ISAC focuses primarily on improving communication performance beyond 5G/6G cellular networks and Wi-Fi standards, while also performing additional processing required for detection. On the other hand, the sensing-centric ISAC prioritizes sensing and detection capabilities while incorporating communication functions in the most efficient way possible. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of both ISAC systems along with new approaches for enabling technologies and highlight unique challenges and existing solutions that are already available. We explore the roles of innovative functions in enabling ISAC, including joint waveform design, edge computing, vehicular sensing and communications, and their practical applications. We then discuss 3GPP standardization efforts related to ISAC as a future direction for the 6G vision. We also outline possible future research directions, with a specific emphasis on security, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c121f07feaf84cbaa9a980a214d47d0d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-c121f07feaf84cbaa9a980a214d47d0d2025-08-20T02:39:37ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113971529719310.1109/ACCESS.2025.357337111015430A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML PerspectivesSultan Aldirmaz-Colak0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7154-0723Mustafa Namdar1Arif Basgumus2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3220Serdar Ozyurt3Selman Kulac4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-1569Nurullah Calik5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-4980Mehmet Akif Yazici6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-2329Ahmet Serbes7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-928XLutfiye Durak-Ata8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-2967Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Duzce University, Düzce, TürkiyeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, TürkiyeInformatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeElectrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeInformatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, TürkiyeIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has received significant attention over the past five years as a key component of the 6G vision for next-generation communication systems. Starting with the fundamentals of ISAC, we present strategies focused on sensing-centric and communication-centric ISAC systems that satisfy both radar and communication objectives using the same physical hardware and waveform. The communication-centric ISAC focuses primarily on improving communication performance beyond 5G/6G cellular networks and Wi-Fi standards, while also performing additional processing required for detection. On the other hand, the sensing-centric ISAC prioritizes sensing and detection capabilities while incorporating communication functions in the most efficient way possible. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of both ISAC systems along with new approaches for enabling technologies and highlight unique challenges and existing solutions that are already available. We explore the roles of innovative functions in enabling ISAC, including joint waveform design, edge computing, vehicular sensing and communications, and their practical applications. We then discuss 3GPP standardization efforts related to ISAC as a future direction for the 6G vision. We also outline possible future research directions, with a specific emphasis on security, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015430/6Gartificial intelligenceDFRCedge computingISACmmWave |
| spellingShingle | Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak Mustafa Namdar Arif Basgumus Serdar Ozyurt Selman Kulac Nurullah Calik Mehmet Akif Yazici Ahmet Serbes Lutfiye Durak-Ata A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives IEEE Access 6G artificial intelligence DFRC edge computing ISAC mmWave |
| title | A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives |
| title_sort | comprehensive review on isac for 6g enabling technologies security and ai ml perspectives |
| topic | 6G artificial intelligence DFRC edge computing ISAC mmWave |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015430/ |
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