Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid

BackgroundMushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety issue globally, particularly neurotoxic mushroom poisoning, which raises considerable concern due to its potential to induce central nervous system symptoms. Ibotenic acid is identified as the primary neurotoxin associated with this f...

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Main Authors: Ruanxian Dai, Zhantao Duan, Bin Han, Guobing Chen, Fuping Wang, Zhuange Shi, Xian Zhou, Haifei Song, Li Ma, Qiang Meng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1561291/full
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author Ruanxian Dai
Ruanxian Dai
Zhantao Duan
Bin Han
Guobing Chen
Fuping Wang
Zhuange Shi
Xian Zhou
Haifei Song
Li Ma
Qiang Meng
author_facet Ruanxian Dai
Ruanxian Dai
Zhantao Duan
Bin Han
Guobing Chen
Fuping Wang
Zhuange Shi
Xian Zhou
Haifei Song
Li Ma
Qiang Meng
author_sort Ruanxian Dai
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundMushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety issue globally, particularly neurotoxic mushroom poisoning, which raises considerable concern due to its potential to induce central nervous system symptoms. Ibotenic acid is identified as the primary neurotoxin associated with this form of poisoning; however, the underlying mechanisms of its neurotoxicity remain poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of ibotenic acid exposure across three consecutive key time points, from intoxication to recovery, on neurotransmitters related to the GABA/Glutamic-Acid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems in five brain regions: the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, brain stem, and cerebellum.MethodsThrough behavioral tests, we assessed the effects of ibotenic acid exposure on voluntary activities and learning and memory functions in mice. Additionally, we analyzed the changes in neurotransmitter concentrations across different brain regions using targeted metabolomics.ResultsBehavioral results indicated that the total movement distance and speed in the open field test were significantly reduced, while the resting time was prolonged in the ibotenic acid-exposed group (P < 0.0001). The results of targeted metabolomics demonstrated that, compared to the control group, levels of glutamic acid in the hippocampus and brain stem significantly decreased after 4 h of ibotenic acid exposure (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Additionally, epinephrine levels in the cerebral cortex decreased at 20 min (P < 0.05), while tyrosine levels in the brain stem and cerebellum decreased after 4 h (P < 0.05). In the brain stem region, the tryptophan levels in each exposure group decreased significantly compared with the 4-h exposure group (P < 0.01), and brain stem choline levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conversely, homovanillic acid levels in the brain stem increased (P < 0.01).ConclusionPreliminary studies have demonstrated that acute exposure to ibotenic acid inhibits motor activity but does not significantly affect learning and memory in mice. Exposure to ibotenic acid induces alterations in GABA/Glutamic-Acid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and neurotransmitters associated with the cholinergic system in the brains of mice, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the brain stem region, exhibiting time-dependent and region-specific effects. This study offers new insights into the neurotoxic mechanisms of ibotenic acid.
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spelling doaj-art-c10c0ef9ff83462eacb6f86d5dcb080a2025-08-20T03:18:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-06-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15612911561291Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acidRuanxian Dai0Ruanxian Dai1Zhantao Duan2Bin Han3Guobing Chen4Fuping Wang5Zhuange Shi6Xian Zhou7Haifei Song8Li Ma9Qiang Meng10Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaBackgroundMushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety issue globally, particularly neurotoxic mushroom poisoning, which raises considerable concern due to its potential to induce central nervous system symptoms. Ibotenic acid is identified as the primary neurotoxin associated with this form of poisoning; however, the underlying mechanisms of its neurotoxicity remain poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of ibotenic acid exposure across three consecutive key time points, from intoxication to recovery, on neurotransmitters related to the GABA/Glutamic-Acid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems in five brain regions: the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, brain stem, and cerebellum.MethodsThrough behavioral tests, we assessed the effects of ibotenic acid exposure on voluntary activities and learning and memory functions in mice. Additionally, we analyzed the changes in neurotransmitter concentrations across different brain regions using targeted metabolomics.ResultsBehavioral results indicated that the total movement distance and speed in the open field test were significantly reduced, while the resting time was prolonged in the ibotenic acid-exposed group (P < 0.0001). The results of targeted metabolomics demonstrated that, compared to the control group, levels of glutamic acid in the hippocampus and brain stem significantly decreased after 4 h of ibotenic acid exposure (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Additionally, epinephrine levels in the cerebral cortex decreased at 20 min (P < 0.05), while tyrosine levels in the brain stem and cerebellum decreased after 4 h (P < 0.05). In the brain stem region, the tryptophan levels in each exposure group decreased significantly compared with the 4-h exposure group (P < 0.01), and brain stem choline levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conversely, homovanillic acid levels in the brain stem increased (P < 0.01).ConclusionPreliminary studies have demonstrated that acute exposure to ibotenic acid inhibits motor activity but does not significantly affect learning and memory in mice. Exposure to ibotenic acid induces alterations in GABA/Glutamic-Acid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and neurotransmitters associated with the cholinergic system in the brains of mice, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the brain stem region, exhibiting time-dependent and region-specific effects. This study offers new insights into the neurotoxic mechanisms of ibotenic acid.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1561291/fullibotenic acidneurotoxic mushroom poisoningneurotransmittersmetabolomicstoxin
spellingShingle Ruanxian Dai
Ruanxian Dai
Zhantao Duan
Bin Han
Guobing Chen
Fuping Wang
Zhuange Shi
Xian Zhou
Haifei Song
Li Ma
Qiang Meng
Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
Frontiers in Neuroscience
ibotenic acid
neurotoxic mushroom poisoning
neurotransmitters
metabolomics
toxin
title Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
title_full Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
title_fullStr Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
title_full_unstemmed Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
title_short Preliminary study on the time-correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
title_sort preliminary study on the time correlation changes in brain neurotransmitters of mice exposed to mushroom toxin ibotenic acid
topic ibotenic acid
neurotoxic mushroom poisoning
neurotransmitters
metabolomics
toxin
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1561291/full
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