The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children under five years, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe lower respiratory tract diseases. This multi-center, cross-sectional study investigated the burden, cli...

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Main Authors: Munir Abu-Helalah, Mohammad Abu Lubad, Mohammad Al-Hanaktah, Ahmad Al Tibi, Maisalreem Alhousani, Simon B. Drysdale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/170
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author Munir Abu-Helalah
Mohammad Abu Lubad
Mohammad Al-Hanaktah
Ahmad Al Tibi
Maisalreem Alhousani
Simon B. Drysdale
author_facet Munir Abu-Helalah
Mohammad Abu Lubad
Mohammad Al-Hanaktah
Ahmad Al Tibi
Maisalreem Alhousani
Simon B. Drysdale
author_sort Munir Abu-Helalah
collection DOAJ
description Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children under five years, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe lower respiratory tract diseases. This multi-center, cross-sectional study investigated the burden, clinical features, and predictors of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children across four sites in Jordan. Nasopharyngeal specimens from 1000 eligible children were analyzed. In this article, we focused on HPIV infections. The overall HPIV positivity rate was 22.6%, with HPIV-3 accounting for 90.3% of cases. Significant geographic variability was observed, with higher positivity rates in the southern region. HPIV-positive cases frequently presented with symptoms like nasal congestion, tachypnea, and poor feeding. Co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza were associated with worse outcomes, including an increased need for invasive ventilation. The logistic regression identified male gender, asthma, and respiratory acidosis as predictors of complications. Geographic differences in HPIV prevalence and severity were notable, emphasizing the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced HPIV surveillance, targeted public health interventions, and vaccine development to mitigate the disease burden. This study provides critical insights that guide healthcare strategies and improve outcomes in young children at risk of severe HPIV infections.
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spelling doaj-art-c106b47d020846b588c85ddf59615c1f2025-08-20T03:11:19ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-0117217010.3390/v17020170The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional StudyMunir Abu-Helalah0Mohammad Abu Lubad1Mohammad Al-Hanaktah2Ahmad Al Tibi3Maisalreem Alhousani4Simon B. Drysdale5Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak 61710, JordanFaculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanMolecular Genetics Supervisor, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, P.O. Box 5153, Amman 11183, JordanResearch Assistant, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan13 Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UKHuman parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children under five years, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe lower respiratory tract diseases. This multi-center, cross-sectional study investigated the burden, clinical features, and predictors of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children across four sites in Jordan. Nasopharyngeal specimens from 1000 eligible children were analyzed. In this article, we focused on HPIV infections. The overall HPIV positivity rate was 22.6%, with HPIV-3 accounting for 90.3% of cases. Significant geographic variability was observed, with higher positivity rates in the southern region. HPIV-positive cases frequently presented with symptoms like nasal congestion, tachypnea, and poor feeding. Co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza were associated with worse outcomes, including an increased need for invasive ventilation. The logistic regression identified male gender, asthma, and respiratory acidosis as predictors of complications. Geographic differences in HPIV prevalence and severity were notable, emphasizing the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced HPIV surveillance, targeted public health interventions, and vaccine development to mitigate the disease burden. This study provides critical insights that guide healthcare strategies and improve outcomes in young children at risk of severe HPIV infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/170human parainfluenza virusclinicalepidemiologicalchildrenbelow age of fiveJordan
spellingShingle Munir Abu-Helalah
Mohammad Abu Lubad
Mohammad Al-Hanaktah
Ahmad Al Tibi
Maisalreem Alhousani
Simon B. Drysdale
The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Viruses
human parainfluenza virus
clinical
epidemiological
children
below age of five
Jordan
title The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
title_full The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
title_short The Epidemiology and Clinical Burdens of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort epidemiology and clinical burdens of human parainfluenza virus infections amongst hospitalized children under 5 years of age in jordan a national multi center cross sectional study
topic human parainfluenza virus
clinical
epidemiological
children
below age of five
Jordan
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/170
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