The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques
Beta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea Mihaela-Cătălina Herghelegiu Vlad-Alexandru Pănescu Jérôme Vial Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti Maria-Virginia Coman |
| author_facet | Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea Mihaela-Cătălina Herghelegiu Vlad-Alexandru Pănescu Jérôme Vial Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti Maria-Virginia Coman |
| author_sort | Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of two green liquid-phase microextraction procedures, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solidification of floating organic droplet microextraction (SFOME) for the selective extraction of eight beta-blockers (atenolol, nadolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, and betaxolol) from aqueous matrices for their analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC). The influence of extraction parameters, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, and ionic strength were studied. The developed extraction procedures provide a good enrichment factor for six compounds (61.22–243.97), good extraction recovery (53.04–92.1%), and good sample cleaning for both extraction procedures. Good limits of detection (0.13 to 0.69 µg/mL for GC and 0.07 to 0.15 µg/mL for HPLC) and limits of quantification (0.39 to 2.10 µg/mL for GC and 0.20 to 0.45 µg/mL for LC) were obtained. The developed procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of selected beta-blockers in wastewater samples, proving their applicability to the real samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c0ed8feed9b94c019700b7c73b8fa9c0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-c0ed8feed9b94c019700b7c73b8fa9c02025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-01305101610.3390/molecules30051016The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic TechniquesMihail Simion Beldean-Galea0Mihaela-Cătălina Herghelegiu1Vlad-Alexandru Pănescu2Jérôme Vial3Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti4Maria-Virginia Coman5Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaChemistry, Biology and Innovation Department, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ESPCI Paris PSL, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy“Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Str., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaBeta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of two green liquid-phase microextraction procedures, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solidification of floating organic droplet microextraction (SFOME) for the selective extraction of eight beta-blockers (atenolol, nadolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, and betaxolol) from aqueous matrices for their analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC). The influence of extraction parameters, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, and ionic strength were studied. The developed extraction procedures provide a good enrichment factor for six compounds (61.22–243.97), good extraction recovery (53.04–92.1%), and good sample cleaning for both extraction procedures. Good limits of detection (0.13 to 0.69 µg/mL for GC and 0.07 to 0.15 µg/mL for HPLC) and limits of quantification (0.39 to 2.10 µg/mL for GC and 0.20 to 0.45 µg/mL for LC) were obtained. The developed procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of selected beta-blockers in wastewater samples, proving their applicability to the real samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1016DLLMESFOMEbeta-blockerschromatographic techniqueswastewater samples |
| spellingShingle | Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea Mihaela-Cătălina Herghelegiu Vlad-Alexandru Pănescu Jérôme Vial Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti Maria-Virginia Coman The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques Molecules DLLME SFOME beta-blockers chromatographic techniques wastewater samples |
| title | The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques |
| title_full | The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques |
| title_fullStr | The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques |
| title_short | The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques |
| title_sort | effectiveness of liquid phase microextraction of beta blockers from aqueous matrices for their analysis by chromatographic techniques |
| topic | DLLME SFOME beta-blockers chromatographic techniques wastewater samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1016 |
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