Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS
Abstract Cancer therapy, due to the rising number of detected and reported cases, is one of the most important goals of scientists worldwide. Among these, there is a strong interest in using effective noninvasive protocols for cancer therapy. This study aims to investigate the combined effect of phe...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05784-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849402574274297856 |
|---|---|
| author | HomaSadat Esfahani Reza Hosseinzadeh Khatereh Khorsandi |
| author_facet | HomaSadat Esfahani Reza Hosseinzadeh Khatereh Khorsandi |
| author_sort | HomaSadat Esfahani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Cancer therapy, due to the rising number of detected and reported cases, is one of the most important goals of scientists worldwide. Among these, there is a strong interest in using effective noninvasive protocols for cancer therapy. This study aims to investigate the combined effect of phenytoin, a sodium channel-blocker, with Methylene Blue, a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), on breast cancer cell viability and uptake. To determine the appropriate concentrations of phenytoin in Methylene Blue solutions, we measured the intensity of the samples at excitation wavelengths between 200 and 800 nm using a spectrophotometer. Breast cancer cell viability was evaluated in four research groups using the MTT assay under both light and dark conditions. Morphological characterization was performed using an inverted light microscope and dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining. The hypothesis focuses on the effect of pre-treatment with phenytoin on cellular uptake of Methylene Blue and the impact on cell viability. These effects were examined across four distinct treatment groups to comprehensively assess the potential benefits of combined treatment. The results showed that the combination treatment not only increased cellular uptake but also demonstrated higher toxicity to cancer cells, suggesting enhanced therapeutic potential. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of noninvasive protocols in cancer therapy, paving the way for further research into optimizing such treatments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c0e8f9a1c6a04abfa5e553a8900946f3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c0e8f9a1c6a04abfa5e553a8900946f32025-08-20T03:37:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-05784-6Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PSHomaSadat Esfahani0Reza Hosseinzadeh1Khatereh Khorsandi2Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECRDepartment of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECRDepartment of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECRAbstract Cancer therapy, due to the rising number of detected and reported cases, is one of the most important goals of scientists worldwide. Among these, there is a strong interest in using effective noninvasive protocols for cancer therapy. This study aims to investigate the combined effect of phenytoin, a sodium channel-blocker, with Methylene Blue, a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), on breast cancer cell viability and uptake. To determine the appropriate concentrations of phenytoin in Methylene Blue solutions, we measured the intensity of the samples at excitation wavelengths between 200 and 800 nm using a spectrophotometer. Breast cancer cell viability was evaluated in four research groups using the MTT assay under both light and dark conditions. Morphological characterization was performed using an inverted light microscope and dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining. The hypothesis focuses on the effect of pre-treatment with phenytoin on cellular uptake of Methylene Blue and the impact on cell viability. These effects were examined across four distinct treatment groups to comprehensively assess the potential benefits of combined treatment. The results showed that the combination treatment not only increased cellular uptake but also demonstrated higher toxicity to cancer cells, suggesting enhanced therapeutic potential. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of noninvasive protocols in cancer therapy, paving the way for further research into optimizing such treatments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05784-6Combination drug effectIonic photosensitizerCancer therapyChannel-blockersMethylene bluePhenytoin sodium |
| spellingShingle | HomaSadat Esfahani Reza Hosseinzadeh Khatereh Khorsandi Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS Scientific Reports Combination drug effect Ionic photosensitizer Cancer therapy Channel-blockers Methylene blue Phenytoin sodium |
| title | Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS |
| title_full | Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS |
| title_fullStr | Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS |
| title_short | Investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel-blocker effect in PDT of MDA MB 231 breast cancer using a positively charged PS |
| title_sort | investigation on the phenytoin sodium channel blocker effect in pdt of mda mb 231 breast cancer using a positively charged ps |
| topic | Combination drug effect Ionic photosensitizer Cancer therapy Channel-blockers Methylene blue Phenytoin sodium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05784-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT homasadatesfahani investigationonthephenytoinsodiumchannelblockereffectinpdtofmdamb231breastcancerusingapositivelychargedps AT rezahosseinzadeh investigationonthephenytoinsodiumchannelblockereffectinpdtofmdamb231breastcancerusingapositivelychargedps AT khaterehkhorsandi investigationonthephenytoinsodiumchannelblockereffectinpdtofmdamb231breastcancerusingapositivelychargedps |