Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study
Background Racially minoritised groups tend to have poorer cardiovascular health (CVH) than non-Hispanic (NH)-White adults and are generally more likely to work in labourer or support service positions where job strain—associated with cardiovascular disease—is often high. Yet, few studies have inclu...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMJ Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000726.full |
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| author | Symielle A Gaston Chandra L Jackson Jamie A Murkey Dana M Alhasan W Braxton Jackson |
| author_facet | Symielle A Gaston Chandra L Jackson Jamie A Murkey Dana M Alhasan W Braxton Jackson |
| author_sort | Symielle A Gaston |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Racially minoritised groups tend to have poorer cardiovascular health (CVH) than non-Hispanic (NH)-White adults and are generally more likely to work in labourer or support service positions where job strain—associated with cardiovascular disease—is often high. Yet, few studies have included racially/ethnically diverse samples.Methods Using 2004–2018 National Health Interview Survey cross-sectional data, we investigated standardised occupational classifications in relation to ‘ideal’ CVH using a modified ‘ideal’ CVH (mICVH) metric among US adults (n=230 196) by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age, and income. mICVH was defined as a report of ‘yes’ to the following: never smoked/former smoker; body mass index (≥18.5–25 kg/m2); physical activity (≥150–300 min/week moderate or ≥75–150 min/week vigorous); sleep duration (7–9 hours/night); and no prior diagnosis of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or diabetes/pre-diabetes. Adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical factors, and health behaviour confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of mICVH overall and by race/ethnicity and performed Wald tests for interaction.Results Latinx (53%) and NH-Black (37%) adults were more likely than NH-White adults (29%) to report labourer positions and had the lowest prevalence of mICVH (5.2% (Latinx) and 3.9% (NH-Black)). Labourer versus professional/management occupational class positions were associated with a lower mICVH prevalence among NH-Asian (PR=0.60 (0.46–0.79)), NH-White (PR=0.80 (0.74–0.87)) and NH-Black (PR=0.77 (0.58–1.01)), but with no evidence of an association among Latinx (PR=0.94 (0.78–1.14) adults; p interaction <0.001).Conclusions In conclusion, working in labourer versus professional/management positions was associated with lower mICVH, except among Latinx adults. Given the higher likelihood of labourer occupations and lower prevalence of mICVH among minoritised racial/ethnic groups, social determinants related to occupational class should be considered in future studies of racial and ethnic disparities in CVH. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c0e74f64bc1e458bb67884cdc66e3352 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2753-4294 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c0e74f64bc1e458bb67884cdc66e33522025-01-29T01:50:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942024-04-012110.1136/bmjph-2023-000726Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional studySymielle A Gaston0Chandra L Jackson1Jamie A Murkey2Dana M Alhasan3W Braxton Jackson4Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USAEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA1 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA1 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA2 Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, North Carolina, USABackground Racially minoritised groups tend to have poorer cardiovascular health (CVH) than non-Hispanic (NH)-White adults and are generally more likely to work in labourer or support service positions where job strain—associated with cardiovascular disease—is often high. Yet, few studies have included racially/ethnically diverse samples.Methods Using 2004–2018 National Health Interview Survey cross-sectional data, we investigated standardised occupational classifications in relation to ‘ideal’ CVH using a modified ‘ideal’ CVH (mICVH) metric among US adults (n=230 196) by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age, and income. mICVH was defined as a report of ‘yes’ to the following: never smoked/former smoker; body mass index (≥18.5–25 kg/m2); physical activity (≥150–300 min/week moderate or ≥75–150 min/week vigorous); sleep duration (7–9 hours/night); and no prior diagnosis of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or diabetes/pre-diabetes. Adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical factors, and health behaviour confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of mICVH overall and by race/ethnicity and performed Wald tests for interaction.Results Latinx (53%) and NH-Black (37%) adults were more likely than NH-White adults (29%) to report labourer positions and had the lowest prevalence of mICVH (5.2% (Latinx) and 3.9% (NH-Black)). Labourer versus professional/management occupational class positions were associated with a lower mICVH prevalence among NH-Asian (PR=0.60 (0.46–0.79)), NH-White (PR=0.80 (0.74–0.87)) and NH-Black (PR=0.77 (0.58–1.01)), but with no evidence of an association among Latinx (PR=0.94 (0.78–1.14) adults; p interaction <0.001).Conclusions In conclusion, working in labourer versus professional/management positions was associated with lower mICVH, except among Latinx adults. Given the higher likelihood of labourer occupations and lower prevalence of mICVH among minoritised racial/ethnic groups, social determinants related to occupational class should be considered in future studies of racial and ethnic disparities in CVH.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000726.full |
| spellingShingle | Symielle A Gaston Chandra L Jackson Jamie A Murkey Dana M Alhasan W Braxton Jackson Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study BMJ Public Health |
| title | Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age and income among adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | industry of employment and occupational class in relation to cardiovascular health by race ethnicity sex gender age and income among adults in the usa a cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000726.full |
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