Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review

Modern advancements in total ankle arthroplasty techniques and implants have increased their popularity as treatment for ankle osteoarthritis. The preeminent approach for ankle replacement involves an anterior incision. However, wound complications with this approach provide a persistent challenge t...

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Main Authors: Ramez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS, Michael J. Radcliffe, DPM, AACFAS, Divya Paramasivam, DPM, Jeffrey E. McAlister, DPM, FACFAS
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Foot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667396724000739
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author Ramez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS
Michael J. Radcliffe, DPM, AACFAS
Divya Paramasivam, DPM
Jeffrey E. McAlister, DPM, FACFAS
author_facet Ramez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS
Michael J. Radcliffe, DPM, AACFAS
Divya Paramasivam, DPM
Jeffrey E. McAlister, DPM, FACFAS
author_sort Ramez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS
collection DOAJ
description Modern advancements in total ankle arthroplasty techniques and implants have increased their popularity as treatment for ankle osteoarthritis. The preeminent approach for ankle replacement involves an anterior incision. However, wound complications with this approach provide a persistent challenge to surgeons. The present study was conducted to synthesize current data on ankle replacement wound complications via an anterior approach. A systematic review was completed including studies published from 1993 to present that employed an anterior approach and had precise criteria for wound healing and revisions. Twenty-nine studies, with level 3 to 4 evidence and moderate to serious bias, were included for a total of 6,986 ankle arthroplasties. The rate of wound healing without any complication was 90.38 %. Minor dehiscence occurred in 6.00 % of cases, while major wounds or infections occurred in 3.62 %. Across 2,966 implants, the rate of major wounds or infections decreased from 7.03 % before 2013 to 4.75 % after 2013 (p = 0.034). Limited comparisons involving simple suture closure to various adjunct wound management techniques including negative pressure wound therapy, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, platelet-rich plasma, dehydrated human amniotic membrane allograft, non-invasive skin expansion strips, compression wound dressings, tranexamic acid, surgical helmets, tourniquets, ankle arthrodesis, and lateral approach ankle arthroplasty, yielded non-significant differences (p > 0.18). Therefore, contemporary techniques, patient selection, and current implants may be leading to better soft tissue healing. As ankle replacement continues to surge in popularity, further research is needed to evaluate causative factors in successful anterior incision healing. Level of Clinical Evidence: 3
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series Foot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases
spelling doaj-art-c0d14462ea1b4901815794ae8f587ed22025-08-20T01:56:17ZengElsevierFoot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases2667-39672024-01-014410043310.1016/j.fastrc.2024.100433Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic reviewRamez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS0Michael J. Radcliffe, DPM, AACFAS1Divya Paramasivam, DPM2Jeffrey E. McAlister, DPM, FACFAS3Sutter Medical Group, Auburn, CA, USA; Correspondent author.Phoenix Foot and Ankle Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USAUniversity of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USAPhoenix Foot and Ankle Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USAModern advancements in total ankle arthroplasty techniques and implants have increased their popularity as treatment for ankle osteoarthritis. The preeminent approach for ankle replacement involves an anterior incision. However, wound complications with this approach provide a persistent challenge to surgeons. The present study was conducted to synthesize current data on ankle replacement wound complications via an anterior approach. A systematic review was completed including studies published from 1993 to present that employed an anterior approach and had precise criteria for wound healing and revisions. Twenty-nine studies, with level 3 to 4 evidence and moderate to serious bias, were included for a total of 6,986 ankle arthroplasties. The rate of wound healing without any complication was 90.38 %. Minor dehiscence occurred in 6.00 % of cases, while major wounds or infections occurred in 3.62 %. Across 2,966 implants, the rate of major wounds or infections decreased from 7.03 % before 2013 to 4.75 % after 2013 (p = 0.034). Limited comparisons involving simple suture closure to various adjunct wound management techniques including negative pressure wound therapy, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, platelet-rich plasma, dehydrated human amniotic membrane allograft, non-invasive skin expansion strips, compression wound dressings, tranexamic acid, surgical helmets, tourniquets, ankle arthrodesis, and lateral approach ankle arthroplasty, yielded non-significant differences (p > 0.18). Therefore, contemporary techniques, patient selection, and current implants may be leading to better soft tissue healing. As ankle replacement continues to surge in popularity, further research is needed to evaluate causative factors in successful anterior incision healing. Level of Clinical Evidence: 3http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667396724000739Ankle arthritisSurgical complicationsWound healingClosureRevision
spellingShingle Ramez Sakkab, DPM, AACFAS
Michael J. Radcliffe, DPM, AACFAS
Divya Paramasivam, DPM
Jeffrey E. McAlister, DPM, FACFAS
Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
Foot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases
Ankle arthritis
Surgical complications
Wound healing
Closure
Revision
title Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
title_full Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
title_fullStr Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
title_short Total ankle arthroplasty incision management: What Matters? A systematic review
title_sort total ankle arthroplasty incision management what matters a systematic review
topic Ankle arthritis
Surgical complications
Wound healing
Closure
Revision
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667396724000739
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