Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis

BackgroundUveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and a systematic analysis of the effects of biologics on new-onset and recurrent uveitis is clinically important.MethodsWe conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of anti-TNF-α (adalimuma...

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Main Authors: Xu Zhao, Qingqing Xie, Xinyi He, Yiwei Lu, Menglan Li, Shiquan Shuai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556313/full
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author Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Qingqing Xie
Qingqing Xie
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
author_facet Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Qingqing Xie
Qingqing Xie
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
author_sort Xu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundUveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and a systematic analysis of the effects of biologics on new-onset and recurrent uveitis is clinically important.MethodsWe conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of anti-TNF-α (adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and infliximab), IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, bimekizumab, and ixekizumab), and JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and upadacitinib) on new-onset and recurrent uveitis. Phase II/III double-blind randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. The relative risk (RR) was estimated, and drug efficacy was ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).ResultsA total of 17 articles with 18 studies and 11,529 AS patients were included. For new-onset uveitis, adalimumab reduced the risk significantly compared to etanercept and golimumab (RR: 0.30, 0.61), while etanercept increased the risk compared to golimumab and infliximab (RR: 2.03, 2.47). The SUCRA demonstrated that upadacitinib (84.0%) exhibited better efficacy, while ixekizumab (8.7%) was less effective than placebo (29.9%). For recurrent uveitis, adalimumab significantly reduced the risk compared to etanercept (RR: 0.70), while etanercept increased the risk compared to golimumab and infliximab (RR: 1.37, 1.70). Bimekizumab 160 mg and 320 mg were the most efficacious (SUCRA: 83.9%, 83.5%). A comprehensive analysis revealed that bimekizumab 320 mg and 160 mg were the most effective in reducing the incidence of uveitis. Ixekizumab and secukinumab were less effective than placebo.ConclusionJAK inhibitors were more effective for new-onset uveitis in AS patients. Inhibition of IL-17A (secukinumab and ixekizumab) alone might increase the risk of uveitis, while simultaneous inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F (bimekizumab) significantly reduced the risk. Etanercept increased the risk of uveitis compared to other TNF-α inhibitors.
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spelling doaj-art-c0c01a998714449d8dc6d2331ebb28702025-08-20T03:47:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15563131556313Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysisXu Zhao0Xu Zhao1Xu Zhao2Qingqing Xie3Qingqing Xie4Xinyi He5Xinyi He6Xinyi He7Yiwei Lu8Yiwei Lu9Yiwei Lu10Menglan Li11Menglan Li12Menglan Li13Shiquan Shuai14Shiquan Shuai15Shiquan Shuai16Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaNanchong Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunization, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University (Nanchong Central Hospital), Sichuan, Nanchong, ChinaBackgroundUveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and a systematic analysis of the effects of biologics on new-onset and recurrent uveitis is clinically important.MethodsWe conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of anti-TNF-α (adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and infliximab), IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, bimekizumab, and ixekizumab), and JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and upadacitinib) on new-onset and recurrent uveitis. Phase II/III double-blind randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. The relative risk (RR) was estimated, and drug efficacy was ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).ResultsA total of 17 articles with 18 studies and 11,529 AS patients were included. For new-onset uveitis, adalimumab reduced the risk significantly compared to etanercept and golimumab (RR: 0.30, 0.61), while etanercept increased the risk compared to golimumab and infliximab (RR: 2.03, 2.47). The SUCRA demonstrated that upadacitinib (84.0%) exhibited better efficacy, while ixekizumab (8.7%) was less effective than placebo (29.9%). For recurrent uveitis, adalimumab significantly reduced the risk compared to etanercept (RR: 0.70), while etanercept increased the risk compared to golimumab and infliximab (RR: 1.37, 1.70). Bimekizumab 160 mg and 320 mg were the most efficacious (SUCRA: 83.9%, 83.5%). A comprehensive analysis revealed that bimekizumab 320 mg and 160 mg were the most effective in reducing the incidence of uveitis. Ixekizumab and secukinumab were less effective than placebo.ConclusionJAK inhibitors were more effective for new-onset uveitis in AS patients. Inhibition of IL-17A (secukinumab and ixekizumab) alone might increase the risk of uveitis, while simultaneous inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F (bimekizumab) significantly reduced the risk. Etanercept increased the risk of uveitis compared to other TNF-α inhibitors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556313/fullTNF-α inhibitorIL-17 inhibitorJAK inhibitorankylosing spondylitisuveitis
spellingShingle Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Xu Zhao
Qingqing Xie
Qingqing Xie
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Xinyi He
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Yiwei Lu
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Menglan Li
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
Shiquan Shuai
Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
Frontiers in Immunology
TNF-α inhibitor
IL-17 inhibitor
JAK inhibitor
ankylosing spondylitis
uveitis
title Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
title_full Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
title_fullStr Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
title_short Risk of new-onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis: a network meta-analysis
title_sort risk of new onset and recurrent uveitis with different biologics for ankylosing spondylitis a network meta analysis
topic TNF-α inhibitor
IL-17 inhibitor
JAK inhibitor
ankylosing spondylitis
uveitis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556313/full
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