Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model

Abstract Background Medical waste is material generated during health facilities that constitutes a serious health hazard to its handlers and the patients. However, medical waste handling has received less attention in practice, and existing research is inconclusive as well. Therefore, this study as...

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Main Authors: Bisrat Feleke Bubamo, Belay Erchafo Lubago, Tirulo Kedir, Feleke Doyore Agide
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22247-9
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author Bisrat Feleke Bubamo
Belay Erchafo Lubago
Tirulo Kedir
Feleke Doyore Agide
author_facet Bisrat Feleke Bubamo
Belay Erchafo Lubago
Tirulo Kedir
Feleke Doyore Agide
author_sort Bisrat Feleke Bubamo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Medical waste is material generated during health facilities that constitutes a serious health hazard to its handlers and the patients. However, medical waste handling has received less attention in practice, and existing research is inconclusive as well. Therefore, this study assessed the perception of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using quantitative and qualitative methods among 325 medical waste handlers from May 5 to June 5, 2022. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, and checklists were used to collect qualitative data from eight in-depth interview participants and later triangulated with quantitative findings. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the likelihood of taking action by using an odds ratio with a 95%CI. Results The likelihood of engaging in medical waste exposure prevention was found to be 56.3% [AOR = 3.19, 2.73, 6.34]. Independent predictors: experience of more than 10 years (AOR = 5.27, 1.55–17.86), adequate knowledge (AOR = 4.30, 1.92–9.64), training (AOR = 3.81, 1.70–8.53), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 3.79, 1.71–8.39), perceived severity (AOR = 4.08, 2.52–6.63), perceived benefit (AOR = 2.87, 1.13–7.28), and perceived barrier (AOR = 0.42, 0.20–0.88). A qualitative response from an interview has also confirmed that there was a lack of on-the-job training, and supply of personal protective equipment. Conclusion The likelihood of realizing the desired results in practice of preventive measures against medical waste exposure in the area is unlikely to occur unless there is a strong focus on creating health-seeking behavior. The study suggests that stakeholders should improve medical waste handlers’ perception through the provision of professional health training and addressing the challenges to its practice.
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spelling doaj-art-c0a7ac9f8be94d9a8c047446a8c8c2702025-08-20T02:41:26ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-0125111110.1186/s12889-025-22247-9Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief modelBisrat Feleke Bubamo0Belay Erchafo Lubago1Tirulo Kedir2Feleke Doyore Agide3School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo UniversityAbstract Background Medical waste is material generated during health facilities that constitutes a serious health hazard to its handlers and the patients. However, medical waste handling has received less attention in practice, and existing research is inconclusive as well. Therefore, this study assessed the perception of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using quantitative and qualitative methods among 325 medical waste handlers from May 5 to June 5, 2022. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, and checklists were used to collect qualitative data from eight in-depth interview participants and later triangulated with quantitative findings. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the likelihood of taking action by using an odds ratio with a 95%CI. Results The likelihood of engaging in medical waste exposure prevention was found to be 56.3% [AOR = 3.19, 2.73, 6.34]. Independent predictors: experience of more than 10 years (AOR = 5.27, 1.55–17.86), adequate knowledge (AOR = 4.30, 1.92–9.64), training (AOR = 3.81, 1.70–8.53), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 3.79, 1.71–8.39), perceived severity (AOR = 4.08, 2.52–6.63), perceived benefit (AOR = 2.87, 1.13–7.28), and perceived barrier (AOR = 0.42, 0.20–0.88). A qualitative response from an interview has also confirmed that there was a lack of on-the-job training, and supply of personal protective equipment. Conclusion The likelihood of realizing the desired results in practice of preventive measures against medical waste exposure in the area is unlikely to occur unless there is a strong focus on creating health-seeking behavior. The study suggests that stakeholders should improve medical waste handlers’ perception through the provision of professional health training and addressing the challenges to its practice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22247-9Prevention behaviorWaste handlersHealth belief modelHadiya zone
spellingShingle Bisrat Feleke Bubamo
Belay Erchafo Lubago
Tirulo Kedir
Feleke Doyore Agide
Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
BMC Public Health
Prevention behavior
Waste handlers
Health belief model
Hadiya zone
title Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
title_full Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
title_fullStr Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
title_full_unstemmed Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
title_short Perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study using the health belief model
title_sort perceptions of medical waste exposure prevention among medical waste handlers in hadiya zone ethiopia a mixed methods study using the health belief model
topic Prevention behavior
Waste handlers
Health belief model
Hadiya zone
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22247-9
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