Inter-disks inversion surfaces

Abstract We consider a counter-rotating torus orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH) with dimensionless spin a, and its accretion flow into the BH, in an agglomerate of an outer counter-rotating torus and an inner co-rotating torus. This work focus is the analysis of the inter-disks inversion surfa...

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Main Authors: D. Pugliese, Z. Stuchlík
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-10-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13457-3
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author D. Pugliese
Z. Stuchlík
author_facet D. Pugliese
Z. Stuchlík
author_sort D. Pugliese
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We consider a counter-rotating torus orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH) with dimensionless spin a, and its accretion flow into the BH, in an agglomerate of an outer counter-rotating torus and an inner co-rotating torus. This work focus is the analysis of the inter-disks inversion surfaces. Inversion surfaces are spacetime surfaces, defined by the condition $$u^{\phi }=0$$ u ϕ = 0 on the flow torodial velocity, located out of the BH ergoregion, and totally embedding the BH. They emerge as a necessary condition, related to the spacetime frame-dragging, for the counter-rotating flows into the central Kerr BH. In our analysis we study the inversion surfaces of the Kerr spacetimes for the counter-rotating flow from the outer torus, impacting on the inner co-rotating disk. Being totally or partially embedded in (internal to) the inversion surfaces, the inner co-rotating torus (or jet) could be totally or in part “shielded”, respectively, from the impact with flow with $$a u^{\phi }<0$$ a u ϕ < 0 . We prove that, in general, in the spacetimes with $$a<0.551$$ a < 0.551 the co-rotating toroids are always external to the accretion flows inversion surfaces. For $$0.551<a<0.886$$ 0.551 < a < 0.886 , co-rotating toroids could be partially internal (with the disk inner region, including the inner edge) in the flow inversion surface. For BHs with $$a>0.886$$ a > 0.886 , a co-rotating torus could be entirely embedded in the inversion surface and, for larger spins, it is internal to the inversion surfaces. Tori orbiting in the BH outer ergoregion are a particular case. Further constraints on the BHs spins are discussed in the article.
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spelling doaj-art-c0a799ddc40b419bb5428335457e30c22025-08-20T02:31:00ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522024-10-01841012510.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13457-3Inter-disks inversion surfacesD. Pugliese0Z. Stuchlík1Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in OpavaResearch Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in OpavaAbstract We consider a counter-rotating torus orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH) with dimensionless spin a, and its accretion flow into the BH, in an agglomerate of an outer counter-rotating torus and an inner co-rotating torus. This work focus is the analysis of the inter-disks inversion surfaces. Inversion surfaces are spacetime surfaces, defined by the condition $$u^{\phi }=0$$ u ϕ = 0 on the flow torodial velocity, located out of the BH ergoregion, and totally embedding the BH. They emerge as a necessary condition, related to the spacetime frame-dragging, for the counter-rotating flows into the central Kerr BH. In our analysis we study the inversion surfaces of the Kerr spacetimes for the counter-rotating flow from the outer torus, impacting on the inner co-rotating disk. Being totally or partially embedded in (internal to) the inversion surfaces, the inner co-rotating torus (or jet) could be totally or in part “shielded”, respectively, from the impact with flow with $$a u^{\phi }<0$$ a u ϕ < 0 . We prove that, in general, in the spacetimes with $$a<0.551$$ a < 0.551 the co-rotating toroids are always external to the accretion flows inversion surfaces. For $$0.551<a<0.886$$ 0.551 < a < 0.886 , co-rotating toroids could be partially internal (with the disk inner region, including the inner edge) in the flow inversion surface. For BHs with $$a>0.886$$ a > 0.886 , a co-rotating torus could be entirely embedded in the inversion surface and, for larger spins, it is internal to the inversion surfaces. Tori orbiting in the BH outer ergoregion are a particular case. Further constraints on the BHs spins are discussed in the article.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13457-3
spellingShingle D. Pugliese
Z. Stuchlík
Inter-disks inversion surfaces
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Inter-disks inversion surfaces
title_full Inter-disks inversion surfaces
title_fullStr Inter-disks inversion surfaces
title_full_unstemmed Inter-disks inversion surfaces
title_short Inter-disks inversion surfaces
title_sort inter disks inversion surfaces
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13457-3
work_keys_str_mv AT dpugliese interdisksinversionsurfaces
AT zstuchlik interdisksinversionsurfaces