Microscopic and Molecular Identification of <i>Eimeria</i> Species in Domestic Rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) in Romania

Coccidiosis caused by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. is a parasitic disease with high morbidity that affects various animal species, including rabbits. In rabbits, eleven <i>Eimeria</i> species have been primarily identified through microscopic examination of oocysts; however, this tech...

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Main Authors: Beatrice Ana-Maria Jitea (Sîrbu), Sorin Morariu, Mirela Imre, Tiana Florea, Cătălin Bogdan Sîrbu, Iasmina Luca, Simona Dumitru, Gheorghe Dărăbuș
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1109
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Summary:Coccidiosis caused by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. is a parasitic disease with high morbidity that affects various animal species, including rabbits. In rabbits, eleven <i>Eimeria</i> species have been primarily identified through microscopic examination of oocysts; however, this technique has certain limitations that make it challenging to differentiate between <i>Eimeria</i> species. The main objective of this study was to morphologically identify <i>Eimeria</i> species infecting rabbits in Romania, as well as to confirm these identifications using molecular biology techniques, specifically through the ITS-1 rRNA gene. A total of 236 samples were collected from different regions of Romania, of which 77.56% (183/236) tested positive for at least one <i>Eimeria</i> species. The samples were collected from rabbits raised in individual household settings, under various management systems—both in individual cages and in common ground-based enclosures. The areas of origin were chosen randomly, without applying restrictive criteria, specifically to ensure broad representativeness of the farming conditions encountered in practice, regardless of the production system or geographic specificity. The microscopic examination of morphological characteristics identified ten <i>Eimeria</i> species, whereas PCR results confirmed the presence of four species. It was not always possible to identify all the species present in a given sample, likely due to the predominant parasitic load and the DNA quantity of each species. The results of this study confirm that ITS-1 is a useful molecular marker for identifying <i>Eimeria</i> species in domestic rabbits.
ISSN:2076-2615