Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation

Being low-Z materials, nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered limited attention for their potential in radiosensitization. Under ionizing radiation, water undergoes radiolysis, generating species such as •O2−, •OH, H2O2, etc. To investigate the impact of nanodiamond concentration and particle size on the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bowen Zhang, Changfeng Yang, Feifan Zhao, Xiaoqian Lin, Yan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625005016
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849684787414958080
author Bowen Zhang
Changfeng Yang
Feifan Zhao
Xiaoqian Lin
Yan Liu
author_facet Bowen Zhang
Changfeng Yang
Feifan Zhao
Xiaoqian Lin
Yan Liu
author_sort Bowen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Being low-Z materials, nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered limited attention for their potential in radiosensitization. Under ionizing radiation, water undergoes radiolysis, generating species such as •O2−, •OH, H2O2, etc. To investigate the impact of nanodiamond concentration and particle size on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X-ray irradiation, we utilized coumarin-3-carboxylic acid as a specific probe for hydroxyl radicals in this study. We defined an enhancement factor to reflect the sensitization effect. As the concentration increased, the enhancement factor initially rose and then declined, peaking at 10 μg/mL; similarly, with increasing particle size, an overall comparable trend was observed, where NDs between 240 and 260 nm generated the most ROS. Factors such as the recombination of hydroxyl radicals influenced the changes in the enhancement factor. The particle size, concentration, and surface modification of NDs could also affect the radiolytic reactions during X-ray irradiation, and we have explored potential mechanisms.
format Article
id doaj-art-c0a202f78c12458c8f7aa79a3bc421fc
institution DOAJ
issn 2211-7156
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Results in Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-c0a202f78c12458c8f7aa79a3bc421fc2025-08-20T03:23:22ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-07-011610251810.1016/j.rechem.2025.102518Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiationBowen Zhang0Changfeng Yang1Feifan Zhao2Xiaoqian Lin3Yan Liu4Translational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR ChinaTranslational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR ChinaTranslational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR ChinaTranslational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR ChinaTranslational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China; National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Corresponding author at: Translational Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Research Unit, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.Being low-Z materials, nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered limited attention for their potential in radiosensitization. Under ionizing radiation, water undergoes radiolysis, generating species such as •O2−, •OH, H2O2, etc. To investigate the impact of nanodiamond concentration and particle size on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X-ray irradiation, we utilized coumarin-3-carboxylic acid as a specific probe for hydroxyl radicals in this study. We defined an enhancement factor to reflect the sensitization effect. As the concentration increased, the enhancement factor initially rose and then declined, peaking at 10 μg/mL; similarly, with increasing particle size, an overall comparable trend was observed, where NDs between 240 and 260 nm generated the most ROS. Factors such as the recombination of hydroxyl radicals influenced the changes in the enhancement factor. The particle size, concentration, and surface modification of NDs could also affect the radiolytic reactions during X-ray irradiation, and we have explored potential mechanisms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625005016RadiosensitizationNanodiamondsRadiolysisHydroxyl radicalCoumarin-3-carboxylic acid
spellingShingle Bowen Zhang
Changfeng Yang
Feifan Zhao
Xiaoqian Lin
Yan Liu
Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
Results in Chemistry
Radiosensitization
Nanodiamonds
Radiolysis
Hydroxyl radical
Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid
title Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
title_full Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
title_fullStr Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
title_full_unstemmed Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
title_short Enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers: Insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under X-ray irradiation
title_sort enhancement of water radiolysis in the presence of nanodiamond sensitizers insights from interfacial hydroxyl radical formation under x ray irradiation
topic Radiosensitization
Nanodiamonds
Radiolysis
Hydroxyl radical
Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625005016
work_keys_str_mv AT bowenzhang enhancementofwaterradiolysisinthepresenceofnanodiamondsensitizersinsightsfrominterfacialhydroxylradicalformationunderxrayirradiation
AT changfengyang enhancementofwaterradiolysisinthepresenceofnanodiamondsensitizersinsightsfrominterfacialhydroxylradicalformationunderxrayirradiation
AT feifanzhao enhancementofwaterradiolysisinthepresenceofnanodiamondsensitizersinsightsfrominterfacialhydroxylradicalformationunderxrayirradiation
AT xiaoqianlin enhancementofwaterradiolysisinthepresenceofnanodiamondsensitizersinsightsfrominterfacialhydroxylradicalformationunderxrayirradiation
AT yanliu enhancementofwaterradiolysisinthepresenceofnanodiamondsensitizersinsightsfrominterfacialhydroxylradicalformationunderxrayirradiation