Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study
The purpose of this research is to analyze the inheritance of vowels in the Karo language or Bahasa Karo (hereafter, BK) from Proto-Austronesian (PAN), and BK words that show the retention or inheritance of certain vowels, such as /a/, /i/, /u/, and /ə/. The method involved comparing the phonologica...
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Universitas Syiah Kuala
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Studies in English Language and Education |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/43730 |
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| author | Dardanila Dardanila Erik D Siregar Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty |
| author_facet | Dardanila Dardanila Erik D Siregar Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty |
| author_sort | Dardanila Dardanila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this research is to analyze the inheritance of vowels in the Karo language or Bahasa Karo (hereafter, BK) from Proto-Austronesian (PAN), and BK words that show the retention or inheritance of certain vowels, such as /a/, /i/, /u/, and /ə/. The method involved comparing the phonological elements of BK with the equivalent elements in PAN by using the theory of comparative historical linguistics, including searching for inherited vowels in the penultimate and ultimate positions and observing the retention patterns that occur. The data were derived from 200 Swadesh words and three interviewers. Vocal retention occurs more frequently in the penultimate position than in the ultimate position. This shows how phonological positions affect vowel stability during language transition. These findings conclude that certain phonological components, particularly vowels, have a greater tendency to persist in specific environments. BK has preserved a significant portion of the original PAN vowel inventory, exhibiting less vowel reduction and merger compared to adjacent languages. The retention of vowels in BK indicates a phonological conservatism relative to the more dynamic vowel alterations observed in other Austronesian branches. This study also found a close relationship between PAN and BK in the inheritance of phonological elements of linear vocal of /a/,/i/,/u/,/e/, and one nonlinear vowel sound of /o/. Another important result is the transfer of the vowel /u/ from PAN to BK in the ultimate position shows a pattern of retention or direct inheritance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c08d851db0894eeb9da454ab1ff247cd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2355-2794 2461-0275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Syiah Kuala |
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| series | Studies in English Language and Education |
| spelling | doaj-art-c08d851db0894eeb9da454ab1ff247cd2025-08-20T03:22:18ZengUniversitas Syiah KualaStudies in English Language and Education2355-27942461-02752025-05-011221082109810.24815/siele.v12i2.4373020653Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics studyDardanila Dardanila0Erik D Siregar1Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay2Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty3Universitas Sumatera UtaraUniversitas Sumatera UtaraUniversitas Islam Negeri Sumatera UtaraInstitut Agama Islam Negeri TakengonThe purpose of this research is to analyze the inheritance of vowels in the Karo language or Bahasa Karo (hereafter, BK) from Proto-Austronesian (PAN), and BK words that show the retention or inheritance of certain vowels, such as /a/, /i/, /u/, and /ə/. The method involved comparing the phonological elements of BK with the equivalent elements in PAN by using the theory of comparative historical linguistics, including searching for inherited vowels in the penultimate and ultimate positions and observing the retention patterns that occur. The data were derived from 200 Swadesh words and three interviewers. Vocal retention occurs more frequently in the penultimate position than in the ultimate position. This shows how phonological positions affect vowel stability during language transition. These findings conclude that certain phonological components, particularly vowels, have a greater tendency to persist in specific environments. BK has preserved a significant portion of the original PAN vowel inventory, exhibiting less vowel reduction and merger compared to adjacent languages. The retention of vowels in BK indicates a phonological conservatism relative to the more dynamic vowel alterations observed in other Austronesian branches. This study also found a close relationship between PAN and BK in the inheritance of phonological elements of linear vocal of /a/,/i/,/u/,/e/, and one nonlinear vowel sound of /o/. Another important result is the transfer of the vowel /u/ from PAN to BK in the ultimate position shows a pattern of retention or direct inheritance.https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/43730comparative historical linguisticskaro languageproto-austronesian languagevowel retention |
| spellingShingle | Dardanila Dardanila Erik D Siregar Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay Shaumiwaty Shaumiwaty Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study Studies in English Language and Education comparative historical linguistics karo language proto-austronesian language vowel retention |
| title | Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study |
| title_full | Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study |
| title_fullStr | Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study |
| title_short | Retention of Proto-Austronesian vowels in the Karo language: A comparative historical linguistics study |
| title_sort | retention of proto austronesian vowels in the karo language a comparative historical linguistics study |
| topic | comparative historical linguistics karo language proto-austronesian language vowel retention |
| url | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/43730 |
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