Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria

Abstract Slow- and non-growing bacterial populations, along with intracellular pathogens, often evade standard antibacterial treatments and are linked to persistent and recurrent infections. This necessitates the development of therapies specifically targeting nonproliferating bacteria. To identify...

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Main Authors: Niilo Kaldalu, Normunds Bērziņš, Stina Berglund Fick, Atin Sharma, Naomi Charlotta Andersson, Jüri Aedla, Mariliis Hinnu, Andrea Puhar, Vasili Hauryliuk, Tanel Tenson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Antimicrobials and Resistance
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44259-025-00097-0
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author Niilo Kaldalu
Normunds Bērziņš
Stina Berglund Fick
Atin Sharma
Naomi Charlotta Andersson
Jüri Aedla
Mariliis Hinnu
Andrea Puhar
Vasili Hauryliuk
Tanel Tenson
author_facet Niilo Kaldalu
Normunds Bērziņš
Stina Berglund Fick
Atin Sharma
Naomi Charlotta Andersson
Jüri Aedla
Mariliis Hinnu
Andrea Puhar
Vasili Hauryliuk
Tanel Tenson
author_sort Niilo Kaldalu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Slow- and non-growing bacterial populations, along with intracellular pathogens, often evade standard antibacterial treatments and are linked to persistent and recurrent infections. This necessitates the development of therapies specifically targeting nonproliferating bacteria. To identify compounds active against non-growing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) we performed a drug-repurposing screen of 6454 approved drugs and drug candidates. Using dilution-regrowth assays, we identified 39 compounds that either kill non-growing UPEC or delay its regrowth post-treatment. The hits include fluoroquinolones, macrolides, rifamycins, biguanide disinfectants, a pleuromutilin, and anti-cancer agents. Twenty-nine of the hits have not previously been recognized as active against non-growing bacteria. The hits were further tested against non-growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Ten compounds – solithromycin, rifabutin, mitomycin C, and seven fluoroquinolones—have strong bactericidal activity against non-growing P. aeruginosa, killing >4 log10 of bacteria at 2.5 µM. Solithromycin, valnemulin, evofosfamide, and satraplatin are unique in their ability to selectively target non-growing bacteria, exhibiting poor efficacy against growing bacteria. Finally, 31 hit compounds inhibit the growth of intracellular Shigella flexneri in a human enterocyte infection model, indicating their ability to permeate the cytoplasm of host cells. The identified compounds hold potential for treating persistent infections, warranting further comparative studies with current standard-of-care antibiotics.
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spelling doaj-art-c086ebbc8438430192b57677b244b4db2025-08-20T02:11:42ZengNature Portfolionpj Antimicrobials and Resistance2731-87452025-04-013111610.1038/s44259-025-00097-0Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteriaNiilo Kaldalu0Normunds Bērziņš1Stina Berglund Fick2Atin Sharma3Naomi Charlotta Andersson4Jüri Aedla5Mariliis Hinnu6Andrea Puhar7Vasili Hauryliuk8Tanel Tenson9Institute of Technology, University of TartuInstitute of Technology, University of TartuChemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityInstitute of Technology, University of TartuInstitute of Technology, University of TartuInstitute of Technology, University of TartuDepartment of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityInstitute of Technology, University of TartuInstitute of Technology, University of TartuAbstract Slow- and non-growing bacterial populations, along with intracellular pathogens, often evade standard antibacterial treatments and are linked to persistent and recurrent infections. This necessitates the development of therapies specifically targeting nonproliferating bacteria. To identify compounds active against non-growing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) we performed a drug-repurposing screen of 6454 approved drugs and drug candidates. Using dilution-regrowth assays, we identified 39 compounds that either kill non-growing UPEC or delay its regrowth post-treatment. The hits include fluoroquinolones, macrolides, rifamycins, biguanide disinfectants, a pleuromutilin, and anti-cancer agents. Twenty-nine of the hits have not previously been recognized as active against non-growing bacteria. The hits were further tested against non-growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Ten compounds – solithromycin, rifabutin, mitomycin C, and seven fluoroquinolones—have strong bactericidal activity against non-growing P. aeruginosa, killing >4 log10 of bacteria at 2.5 µM. Solithromycin, valnemulin, evofosfamide, and satraplatin are unique in their ability to selectively target non-growing bacteria, exhibiting poor efficacy against growing bacteria. Finally, 31 hit compounds inhibit the growth of intracellular Shigella flexneri in a human enterocyte infection model, indicating their ability to permeate the cytoplasm of host cells. The identified compounds hold potential for treating persistent infections, warranting further comparative studies with current standard-of-care antibiotics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44259-025-00097-0
spellingShingle Niilo Kaldalu
Normunds Bērziņš
Stina Berglund Fick
Atin Sharma
Naomi Charlotta Andersson
Jüri Aedla
Mariliis Hinnu
Andrea Puhar
Vasili Hauryliuk
Tanel Tenson
Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
npj Antimicrobials and Resistance
title Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
title_full Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
title_fullStr Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
title_short Antibacterial compounds against non-growing and intracellular bacteria
title_sort antibacterial compounds against non growing and intracellular bacteria
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44259-025-00097-0
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