Post-COVID-19 Condition in Hospitalized Survivors After 1 Year of Infection During the Alpha- and Delta-variant Dominant Waves in Japan: COVID-19 Recovery Study II

Background: Evidence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in the Alpha- and Delta-variant dominant waves is limited. Methods: In a nationwide multicenter cohort study in collaboration with 20 hospitals, we collected data using self-administered questionnaires and electronic medical records of participan...

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Main Authors: Yoko Muto, Mariko Hosozawa, Miyuki Hori, Arisa Iba, Shuhei Maruyama, Shinichiro Morioka, Katsuji Teruya, Takeshi Nishida, Toshiyuki Harada, Hideki Yoshida, Satoshi Miike, Akira Kawauchi, Hideaki Kato, Junji Hatakeyama, Shigeki Fujitani, Tomohiro Asahi, Kensuke Nakamura, Yuichi Sato, Taku Oshima, Futoshi Nagashima, Kohei Ota, Tatsuya Fuchigami, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Hiroshi Kamijo, Takeshi Hattori, Hayato Taniguchi, Hiroyasu Iso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Japan Epidemiological Association 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Epidemiology
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/35/7/35_JE20240179/_pdf
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Summary:Background: Evidence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in the Alpha- and Delta-variant dominant waves is limited. Methods: In a nationwide multicenter cohort study in collaboration with 20 hospitals, we collected data using self-administered questionnaires and electronic medical records of participants aged 20 or more diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalized between April 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021, and discharged alive. Descriptive statistics were analyzed for PCC and mental health (HADS anxiety and depression scores), comparing Alpha- and Delta-variant dominant waves. Results: We analyzed 1,040 patients (median age, 57 [IQR 49–66] years; men, 66.2%). Of the respondents, 45.4% had at least one PCC symptom 1 year after infection. The common symptoms included dyspnea (20.7%), fatigue/malaise (17.6%), muscle weakness (15.4%), decrease in concentration (13.4%), and sleep disorder (13.3%), followed by brain fog (8.4%). Among patients with PCC, 14.0% had anxiety (HADS-Anxiety ≥11), and 18.6% had depression (HADS-Depression ≥11), with four times higher proportions than those without PCC; only small variations by age, sex, and waves were observed. Associated factors for PCC were age 40 years or over, women, severity of COVID-19 during hospitalization, ex-smokers who quit smoking before COVID-19 infection and being infected during the Delta-variant dominant wave. Conclusion: The study described the prevalence of PCC, associated factors, and mental health of COVID-19 survivors hospitalized during the Alpha- and Delta-variant dominant waves in Japan. Further follow-up will be conducted to examine the longer-term impact of COVID-19 on PCC, complications, daily life, and socioeconomic status.
ISSN:0917-5040
1349-9092