Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot

Abstract Ploidy determination across the genome has been challenging for low-pass-WGS tumor-only samples. We present BACDAC, a method that calculates tumor ploidy down to 1.2X effective tumor coverage. Allele fraction patterns displayed in the Constellation Plot verify tumor ploidy and reveal subclo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sarah H. Johnson, James B. Smadbeck, Roman M. Zenka, Michael T. Barrett, Athanasios Gaitatzes, Arnav Solanki, Angela B. Florio, Mitesh J. Borad, John C. Cheville, George Vasmatzis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Genome Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03599-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850140352818708480
author Sarah H. Johnson
James B. Smadbeck
Roman M. Zenka
Michael T. Barrett
Athanasios Gaitatzes
Arnav Solanki
Angela B. Florio
Mitesh J. Borad
John C. Cheville
George Vasmatzis
author_facet Sarah H. Johnson
James B. Smadbeck
Roman M. Zenka
Michael T. Barrett
Athanasios Gaitatzes
Arnav Solanki
Angela B. Florio
Mitesh J. Borad
John C. Cheville
George Vasmatzis
author_sort Sarah H. Johnson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ploidy determination across the genome has been challenging for low-pass-WGS tumor-only samples. We present BACDAC, a method that calculates tumor ploidy down to 1.2X effective tumor coverage. Allele fraction patterns displayed in the Constellation Plot verify tumor ploidy and reveal subclonal populations. BACDAC outputs a metric, 2N+LOH, that when combined with ploidy better distinguishes near-diploid from high-ploidy tumors. Validated using TCGA, BACDAC had good agreement with other methods and 88% agreement with experimental methods. Discrepancies occur mainly when BACDAC predicts diploidy with subclones rather than high-ploidy. Applied to 653 low-pass-WGS samples spanning 12 cancer subtypes, BACDAC calls 40% as high-ploidy.
format Article
id doaj-art-c0753cd3aa0c4c15ae60e85cc6007a66
institution OA Journals
issn 1474-760X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Genome Biology
spelling doaj-art-c0753cd3aa0c4c15ae60e85cc6007a662025-08-20T02:29:51ZengBMCGenome Biology1474-760X2025-05-0126112210.1186/s13059-025-03599-2Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation PlotSarah H. Johnson0James B. Smadbeck1Roman M. Zenka2Michael T. Barrett3Athanasios Gaitatzes4Arnav Solanki5Angela B. Florio6Mitesh J. Borad7John C. Cheville8George Vasmatzis9Biomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicBiomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicQuantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicHematology/Oncology, Mayo ClinicBiomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of MinnesotaBiomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicHematology/Oncology, Mayo ClinicBiomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicBiomarker Discovery Program, Mayo ClinicAbstract Ploidy determination across the genome has been challenging for low-pass-WGS tumor-only samples. We present BACDAC, a method that calculates tumor ploidy down to 1.2X effective tumor coverage. Allele fraction patterns displayed in the Constellation Plot verify tumor ploidy and reveal subclonal populations. BACDAC outputs a metric, 2N+LOH, that when combined with ploidy better distinguishes near-diploid from high-ploidy tumors. Validated using TCGA, BACDAC had good agreement with other methods and 88% agreement with experimental methods. Discrepancies occur mainly when BACDAC predicts diploidy with subclones rather than high-ploidy. Applied to 653 low-pass-WGS samples spanning 12 cancer subtypes, BACDAC calls 40% as high-ploidy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03599-2Next generation sequencingPloidyWhole genome doublingLoss of heterozygosity
spellingShingle Sarah H. Johnson
James B. Smadbeck
Roman M. Zenka
Michael T. Barrett
Athanasios Gaitatzes
Arnav Solanki
Angela B. Florio
Mitesh J. Borad
John C. Cheville
George Vasmatzis
Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
Genome Biology
Next generation sequencing
Ploidy
Whole genome doubling
Loss of heterozygosity
title Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
title_full Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
title_fullStr Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
title_full_unstemmed Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
title_short Tumor ploidy determination in low-pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the Constellation Plot
title_sort tumor ploidy determination in low pass whole genome sequencing and allelic copy number visualization using the constellation plot
topic Next generation sequencing
Ploidy
Whole genome doubling
Loss of heterozygosity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03599-2
work_keys_str_mv AT sarahhjohnson tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT jamesbsmadbeck tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT romanmzenka tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT michaeltbarrett tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT athanasiosgaitatzes tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT arnavsolanki tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT angelabflorio tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT miteshjborad tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT johnccheville tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot
AT georgevasmatzis tumorploidydeterminationinlowpasswholegenomesequencingandalleliccopynumbervisualizationusingtheconstellationplot