Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease of mammals that has substantial implications on production, welfare, and public health, but it is far less studied in goats. This study reviewed the causes, diagnostic tests, economic and public health impacts, and prevalence of mastitis in goats. The review reve...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-12-01
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| Series: | One Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001673 |
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| author | Abebe Tibebu Yechale Teshome Habtamu Tamrat Adane Bahiru |
| author_facet | Abebe Tibebu Yechale Teshome Habtamu Tamrat Adane Bahiru |
| author_sort | Abebe Tibebu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mastitis is a multifactorial disease of mammals that has substantial implications on production, welfare, and public health, but it is far less studied in goats. This study reviewed the causes, diagnostic tests, economic and public health impacts, and prevalence of mastitis in goats. The review revealed that mastitis in goats could be clinical (CM) or subclinical (SCM). Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, and Mycoplasma, are the main cause of mastitis in goats. Mastitis in goats is influenced by intrinsic factors like breed, parity, age, and lactation stage, and extrinsic factors like pathogens, environment, and management. Somatic cell count and the California mastitis test are common diagnostic tests for SCM, but their reliability is questionable due to the broader range of somatic cells in goat milk. Dry period therapy and early interventions are the best options for mastitis treatment and control methods, while temporal milking stops can enhance immunity. Mastitis can affect animal welfare, milk yield, quality, marketability, and public health due to disease transmission and intoxication. The pooled prevalence of mastitis was found to be 36 % (95 % CI: 25–50). The prevalence of CM was often less than 5 % and occurred sporadically. In contrast, SCM was the most prevalent form (prevalence ranges from 30 % to 50 %). In conclusion, despite goats being the foundation of financial stability and food security in rural households, and with an estimated prevalence comparable to cows, mastitis research is frequently overlooked. Given goats' importance in rural households' economies, there is a need to shift research priorities and strengthen multidisciplinary collaborations to address zoonotic diseases associated with mastitis, at the intersection of animal, environmental, and human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c07039662bbf4d69b520f45ad509c567 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2352-7714 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | One Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c07039662bbf4d69b520f45ad509c5672025-08-20T03:27:57ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-12-012110113110.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101131Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concernsAbebe Tibebu0Yechale Teshome1Habtamu Tamrat2Adane Bahiru3Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Sekota, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Bahirdar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaBahirdar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaSekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Sekota, EthiopiaMastitis is a multifactorial disease of mammals that has substantial implications on production, welfare, and public health, but it is far less studied in goats. This study reviewed the causes, diagnostic tests, economic and public health impacts, and prevalence of mastitis in goats. The review revealed that mastitis in goats could be clinical (CM) or subclinical (SCM). Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, and Mycoplasma, are the main cause of mastitis in goats. Mastitis in goats is influenced by intrinsic factors like breed, parity, age, and lactation stage, and extrinsic factors like pathogens, environment, and management. Somatic cell count and the California mastitis test are common diagnostic tests for SCM, but their reliability is questionable due to the broader range of somatic cells in goat milk. Dry period therapy and early interventions are the best options for mastitis treatment and control methods, while temporal milking stops can enhance immunity. Mastitis can affect animal welfare, milk yield, quality, marketability, and public health due to disease transmission and intoxication. The pooled prevalence of mastitis was found to be 36 % (95 % CI: 25–50). The prevalence of CM was often less than 5 % and occurred sporadically. In contrast, SCM was the most prevalent form (prevalence ranges from 30 % to 50 %). In conclusion, despite goats being the foundation of financial stability and food security in rural households, and with an estimated prevalence comparable to cows, mastitis research is frequently overlooked. Given goats' importance in rural households' economies, there is a need to shift research priorities and strengthen multidisciplinary collaborations to address zoonotic diseases associated with mastitis, at the intersection of animal, environmental, and human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001673Antimicrobial resistanceCausesGoatsMastitisPublic health |
| spellingShingle | Abebe Tibebu Yechale Teshome Habtamu Tamrat Adane Bahiru Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns One Health Antimicrobial resistance Causes Goats Mastitis Public health |
| title | Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns |
| title_full | Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns |
| title_fullStr | Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns |
| title_short | Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns |
| title_sort | mastitis in goat a review of etiology epidemiology economic impact and public health concerns |
| topic | Antimicrobial resistance Causes Goats Mastitis Public health |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001673 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abebetibebu mastitisingoatareviewofetiologyepidemiologyeconomicimpactandpublichealthconcerns AT yechaleteshome mastitisingoatareviewofetiologyepidemiologyeconomicimpactandpublichealthconcerns AT habtamutamrat mastitisingoatareviewofetiologyepidemiologyeconomicimpactandpublichealthconcerns AT adanebahiru mastitisingoatareviewofetiologyepidemiologyeconomicimpactandpublichealthconcerns |