Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate
Energetic ionic liquids (EILs) are continuously being explored in the field of energetic materials and are attractive candidates for use in explosives and propellants. A promising energetic ionic liquid viz., 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (AMTN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR...
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Elsevier
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ionic Liquids |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772422025000308 |
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| author | Santhosh G Supriya N Vijayalakshmi K. P Deepthi Thomas |
| author_facet | Santhosh G Supriya N Vijayalakshmi K. P Deepthi Thomas |
| author_sort | Santhosh G |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energetic ionic liquids (EILs) are continuously being explored in the field of energetic materials and are attractive candidates for use in explosives and propellants. A promising energetic ionic liquid viz., 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (AMTN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental, TG, LC-MS and ESI-MS analyses. The thermal decomposition of AMTN was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under variable heating rates from 5 to 20 °C/min. The TG data of AMTN showed a single stage decomposition in the temperature range of 180–260 °C. Pyrolysis GC–MS studies were undertaken at 300 °C and the major decomposition fragments were identified as nitrous oxide (N2O), aziridine 1-amine, 1,2,3-triazine and 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and a mechanism was evolved. The activation energy (Ea) for the thermal decomposition of AMTN was evaluated using Kissinger method and is found to be 126.6 ± 14.1 kJ/mol. Kinetic analyses using isoconversional method of Vyazovkin, showed a strong dependence of Ea on fractional conversion (α). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c06c0ec9ccca461293e2f09f99e1fd90 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-4220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ionic Liquids |
| spelling | doaj-art-c06c0ec9ccca461293e2f09f99e1fd902025-08-20T02:39:51ZengElsevierJournal of Ionic Liquids2772-42202025-12-015210016110.1016/j.jil.2025.100161Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrateSanthosh G0Supriya N1Vijayalakshmi K. P2Deepthi Thomas3Propellant Engineering Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, Kerala, India; Corresponding author.Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, Kerala, IndiaAnalytical and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, Kerala, IndiaAnalytical and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, Kerala, IndiaEnergetic ionic liquids (EILs) are continuously being explored in the field of energetic materials and are attractive candidates for use in explosives and propellants. A promising energetic ionic liquid viz., 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (AMTN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental, TG, LC-MS and ESI-MS analyses. The thermal decomposition of AMTN was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under variable heating rates from 5 to 20 °C/min. The TG data of AMTN showed a single stage decomposition in the temperature range of 180–260 °C. Pyrolysis GC–MS studies were undertaken at 300 °C and the major decomposition fragments were identified as nitrous oxide (N2O), aziridine 1-amine, 1,2,3-triazine and 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and a mechanism was evolved. The activation energy (Ea) for the thermal decomposition of AMTN was evaluated using Kissinger method and is found to be 126.6 ± 14.1 kJ/mol. Kinetic analyses using isoconversional method of Vyazovkin, showed a strong dependence of Ea on fractional conversion (α).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S27724220250003081,2,4-triazoleEnergetic ionic liquidModel-free methodKineticsActivation energyThermogravimetry |
| spellingShingle | Santhosh G Supriya N Vijayalakshmi K. P Deepthi Thomas Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate Journal of Ionic Liquids 1,2,4-triazole Energetic ionic liquid Model-free method Kinetics Activation energy Thermogravimetry |
| title | Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate |
| title_full | Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate |
| title_short | Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate |
| title_sort | synthesis characterization pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid 4 amino 1 methyl 1 2 4 triazolium nitrate |
| topic | 1,2,4-triazole Energetic ionic liquid Model-free method Kinetics Activation energy Thermogravimetry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772422025000308 |
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