Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids

The hazardous chemicals discharged from various dyeing industries adversely impact human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to treat wastewater containing dyes with technology that outperforms conventional methods. In the current study, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) based on pse...

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Main Authors: Sachind Prabha Padinhattath, Jegan Govindaraj, Ramesh L. Gardas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2471760
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author Sachind Prabha Padinhattath
Jegan Govindaraj
Ramesh L. Gardas
author_facet Sachind Prabha Padinhattath
Jegan Govindaraj
Ramesh L. Gardas
author_sort Sachind Prabha Padinhattath
collection DOAJ
description The hazardous chemicals discharged from various dyeing industries adversely impact human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to treat wastewater containing dyes with technology that outperforms conventional methods. In the current study, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) based on pseudoprotic ionic liquids (PPILs) was employed as an efficient tool to remove anionic dyes from simulated and real dye effluent. PPIL derived from trioctylamine and octanoic acid was used for the extraction studies. Initially, simulated dye samples were prepared using different anionic dyes, namely alizarin yellow, rose Bengal, and methyl orange, identical to the real industrial dye effluent composition, and LLE studies were carried out. After a series of screenings, the essential experimental parameters required for deploying a pre-pilot plant scale study have been optimized systematically. After successful optimization, similar experimental parameters were deployed for the removal of dyes from the industrial dye effluent collected from Angeripalayam common effluent treatment plant limited (ACETP), Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India. While most optimized reaction conditions remained unaltered, adjustments were made to some, such as pH, to suit practical scenarios. Moreover, the dyes were back-extracted with dilute diethylamine and the regenerated extractant was reused in subsequent LLE cycles.
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spelling doaj-art-c069be9c3c294c05bc9b3ebfceca140d2025-08-20T02:34:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGreen Chemistry Letters and Reviews1751-82531751-71922025-12-0118110.1080/17518253.2025.2471760Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquidsSachind Prabha Padinhattath0Jegan Govindaraj1Ramesh L. Gardas2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, IndiaThe hazardous chemicals discharged from various dyeing industries adversely impact human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to treat wastewater containing dyes with technology that outperforms conventional methods. In the current study, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) based on pseudoprotic ionic liquids (PPILs) was employed as an efficient tool to remove anionic dyes from simulated and real dye effluent. PPIL derived from trioctylamine and octanoic acid was used for the extraction studies. Initially, simulated dye samples were prepared using different anionic dyes, namely alizarin yellow, rose Bengal, and methyl orange, identical to the real industrial dye effluent composition, and LLE studies were carried out. After a series of screenings, the essential experimental parameters required for deploying a pre-pilot plant scale study have been optimized systematically. After successful optimization, similar experimental parameters were deployed for the removal of dyes from the industrial dye effluent collected from Angeripalayam common effluent treatment plant limited (ACETP), Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India. While most optimized reaction conditions remained unaltered, adjustments were made to some, such as pH, to suit practical scenarios. Moreover, the dyes were back-extracted with dilute diethylamine and the regenerated extractant was reused in subsequent LLE cycles.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2471760Ionic liquidwastewateranionic dyeliquid-liquid extractionreuse
spellingShingle Sachind Prabha Padinhattath
Jegan Govindaraj
Ramesh L. Gardas
Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Ionic liquid
wastewater
anionic dye
liquid-liquid extraction
reuse
title Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
title_full Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
title_fullStr Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
title_short Treatment of industrial dye effluent: a pre-pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid–liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
title_sort treatment of industrial dye effluent a pre pilot plant scale study based on circular liquid liquid extraction using pseudoprotic ionic liquids
topic Ionic liquid
wastewater
anionic dye
liquid-liquid extraction
reuse
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2471760
work_keys_str_mv AT sachindprabhapadinhattath treatmentofindustrialdyeeffluentaprepilotplantscalestudybasedoncircularliquidliquidextractionusingpseudoproticionicliquids
AT jegangovindaraj treatmentofindustrialdyeeffluentaprepilotplantscalestudybasedoncircularliquidliquidextractionusingpseudoproticionicliquids
AT rameshlgardas treatmentofindustrialdyeeffluentaprepilotplantscalestudybasedoncircularliquidliquidextractionusingpseudoproticionicliquids