Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA

Abstract Groups of pelagic dolphins and whales (order Cetacea) regularly strand on beaches throughout the world. These strandings are referred to as mass stranding events (MSEs). MSEs have been observed for centuries, however the underlying causes remain unclear. In Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, MSE...

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Main Authors: R. Zellar, A. Pulkkinen, K. Moore, C. S. Rousseaux, D. Reeb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-10-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093697
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author R. Zellar
A. Pulkkinen
K. Moore
C. S. Rousseaux
D. Reeb
author_facet R. Zellar
A. Pulkkinen
K. Moore
C. S. Rousseaux
D. Reeb
author_sort R. Zellar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Groups of pelagic dolphins and whales (order Cetacea) regularly strand on beaches throughout the world. These strandings are referred to as mass stranding events (MSEs). MSEs have been observed for centuries, however the underlying causes remain unclear. In Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, MSEs usually involve only a few species of cetaceans. We investigated possible connections between MSEs in Cape Cod and regional wind and ocean currents. The seasonal MSE distribution is strongly correlated to both wind and ocean current strengths, and correlation is maximized when MSEs are compared to environmental data one month in the past. Furthermore, a superposed epoch analysis (a Chree analysis) indicates significant shifts in ocean current strength for months surrounding MSEs. These results may indicate that atmospheric and oceanic effects are possible underlying factors influencing MSEs. These factors could generate environments conducive for prey assemblages that attract cetaceans, or perhaps by driving seasonal production of prey species.
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publishDate 2021-10-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-c059f33c3a2d4d4797cf46c62810f03a2025-08-20T02:09:34ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072021-10-014820n/an/a10.1029/2021GL093697Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USAR. Zellar0A. Pulkkinen1K. Moore2C. S. Rousseaux3D. Reeb4NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USAInternational Fund for Animal Welfare Yarmouth Port MA USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USABureau of Ocean Energy Management Camarillo CA USAAbstract Groups of pelagic dolphins and whales (order Cetacea) regularly strand on beaches throughout the world. These strandings are referred to as mass stranding events (MSEs). MSEs have been observed for centuries, however the underlying causes remain unclear. In Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, MSEs usually involve only a few species of cetaceans. We investigated possible connections between MSEs in Cape Cod and regional wind and ocean currents. The seasonal MSE distribution is strongly correlated to both wind and ocean current strengths, and correlation is maximized when MSEs are compared to environmental data one month in the past. Furthermore, a superposed epoch analysis (a Chree analysis) indicates significant shifts in ocean current strength for months surrounding MSEs. These results may indicate that atmospheric and oceanic effects are possible underlying factors influencing MSEs. These factors could generate environments conducive for prey assemblages that attract cetaceans, or perhaps by driving seasonal production of prey species.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093697mass stranding eventsCape Cod, MassachusettsCetaceanupwellingprey assemblages
spellingShingle R. Zellar
A. Pulkkinen
K. Moore
C. S. Rousseaux
D. Reeb
Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
Geophysical Research Letters
mass stranding events
Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Cetacean
upwelling
prey assemblages
title Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
title_full Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
title_fullStr Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
title_full_unstemmed Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
title_short Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
title_sort oceanic and atmospheric correlations to cetacean mass stranding events in cape cod massachusetts usa
topic mass stranding events
Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Cetacean
upwelling
prey assemblages
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093697
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