Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study

ObjectivesObesity and endometriosis are intricately linked. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as an indicator of obesity, but it has limitations. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel, low-cost composite index that reflects visceral adiposity accumulation and metabolic health status...

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Main Authors: Jiajia Zhang, Qian Zhang, Tianyu Chu, Xian Chen, Hui Zhou, Dewu Xu, Chunlin Dong, Yibo Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1602288/full
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author Jiajia Zhang
Qian Zhang
Tianyu Chu
Xian Chen
Hui Zhou
Dewu Xu
Chunlin Dong
Yibo Wu
author_facet Jiajia Zhang
Qian Zhang
Tianyu Chu
Xian Chen
Hui Zhou
Dewu Xu
Chunlin Dong
Yibo Wu
author_sort Jiajia Zhang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectivesObesity and endometriosis are intricately linked. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as an indicator of obesity, but it has limitations. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel, low-cost composite index that reflects visceral adiposity accumulation and metabolic health status. The objective of our research was to investigate the association between VAI and endometriosis.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. The investigation utilized information from the NHANES (1999–2006), focusing on participants aged ≥20 years. We evaluated the association between VAI and endometriosis through five complementary approaches: multivariable-adjusted weighted logistic regression, trend tests, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve.ResultsAfter screening, our analysis included 2,056 eligible subjects, among whom 163 cases of endometriosis were identified. The final adjusted logistic regression model demonstrated a significant positive association between VAI and endometriosis (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12, p < 0.001). Results of restricted cubic spline fitting revealed a linear positive correlation between VAI and endometriosis (p for overall < 0.001; p for non-linear = 0.539). The results of subgroup analyses showed that some specific demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics were not statistically significant in influencing the correlation between VAI and endometriosis (p > 0.05 for all interactions).ConclusionOur study observed a statistically significant association between VAI and endometriosis. More prospective cohort investigations with large samples are required to further validate these findings because the etiology of endometriosis remains unclear.
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spelling doaj-art-c0513f14f8a14bcc913090dc1565fde52025-08-20T03:12:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16022881602288Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based studyJiajia Zhang0Qian Zhang1Tianyu Chu2Xian Chen3Hui Zhou4Dewu Xu5Chunlin Dong6Yibo Wu7Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaDepartment of Medical Education, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaObjectivesObesity and endometriosis are intricately linked. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as an indicator of obesity, but it has limitations. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel, low-cost composite index that reflects visceral adiposity accumulation and metabolic health status. The objective of our research was to investigate the association between VAI and endometriosis.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. The investigation utilized information from the NHANES (1999–2006), focusing on participants aged ≥20 years. We evaluated the association between VAI and endometriosis through five complementary approaches: multivariable-adjusted weighted logistic regression, trend tests, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve.ResultsAfter screening, our analysis included 2,056 eligible subjects, among whom 163 cases of endometriosis were identified. The final adjusted logistic regression model demonstrated a significant positive association between VAI and endometriosis (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12, p < 0.001). Results of restricted cubic spline fitting revealed a linear positive correlation between VAI and endometriosis (p for overall < 0.001; p for non-linear = 0.539). The results of subgroup analyses showed that some specific demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics were not statistically significant in influencing the correlation between VAI and endometriosis (p > 0.05 for all interactions).ConclusionOur study observed a statistically significant association between VAI and endometriosis. More prospective cohort investigations with large samples are required to further validate these findings because the etiology of endometriosis remains unclear.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1602288/fullendometriosisvisceral adiposity indexobesityNHANEScross-sectional survey
spellingShingle Jiajia Zhang
Qian Zhang
Tianyu Chu
Xian Chen
Hui Zhou
Dewu Xu
Chunlin Dong
Yibo Wu
Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
Frontiers in Nutrition
endometriosis
visceral adiposity index
obesity
NHANES
cross-sectional survey
title Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
title_full Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
title_fullStr Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
title_full_unstemmed Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
title_short Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study
title_sort association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis a population based study
topic endometriosis
visceral adiposity index
obesity
NHANES
cross-sectional survey
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1602288/full
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