Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children under 5 years old. Recently, the number of children with severe CAP (SCAP) has increased significantly, and local or systemic complications may occur. However, changes in the pulmonar...

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Main Authors: Yingying Luo, Ruxi Wu, Weiwei Wu, Deyu Zhao, Yazhou Jiang, Haiyan Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05819-x
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author Yingying Luo
Ruxi Wu
Weiwei Wu
Deyu Zhao
Yazhou Jiang
Haiyan Gu
author_facet Yingying Luo
Ruxi Wu
Weiwei Wu
Deyu Zhao
Yazhou Jiang
Haiyan Gu
author_sort Yingying Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children under 5 years old. Recently, the number of children with severe CAP (SCAP) has increased significantly, and local or systemic complications may occur. However, changes in the pulmonary microbiota of SCAP with different pathogens and their relationship with the clinical features of SCAP remain unclear. Methods This study collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 105 children with SCAP for metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS). According to the first pathogen of mNGS, the enrolled children were divided into the Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI) groups. We aimed to explore differences in clinical features and pulmonary microbiota of SCAP with different pathogens, and clarify the correlation between pulmonary microbiota and clinical features. Results Fever days and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and heparin-binding protein (HBP) of children in MP group were significantly higher than those in HI group. The level of LDH of children in MP group was significantly higher than that in SP group. The abundance of MP was also positively correlated with fever days and the levels of PCT, LDH and D-dimer. The α diversity of SP group was significantly increased compared to MP group and HI group. Conclusion Compared to SP-infected and HI-infected children with SCAP, children with SCAP infected with MP tend to have a more intense inflammatory response. The α diversity was higher in the lower airways of children with SCAP and SP infections compared to MP-infected and HI-infected children with SCAP.
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spelling doaj-art-c047d68ea7b84673a51e8319dee605c12025-08-20T03:25:19ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-06-012511910.1186/s12887-025-05819-xDifferences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in childrenYingying Luo0Ruxi Wu1Weiwei Wu2Deyu Zhao3Yazhou Jiang4Haiyan Gu5Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDinfectome IncDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children under 5 years old. Recently, the number of children with severe CAP (SCAP) has increased significantly, and local or systemic complications may occur. However, changes in the pulmonary microbiota of SCAP with different pathogens and their relationship with the clinical features of SCAP remain unclear. Methods This study collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 105 children with SCAP for metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS). According to the first pathogen of mNGS, the enrolled children were divided into the Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI) groups. We aimed to explore differences in clinical features and pulmonary microbiota of SCAP with different pathogens, and clarify the correlation between pulmonary microbiota and clinical features. Results Fever days and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and heparin-binding protein (HBP) of children in MP group were significantly higher than those in HI group. The level of LDH of children in MP group was significantly higher than that in SP group. The abundance of MP was also positively correlated with fever days and the levels of PCT, LDH and D-dimer. The α diversity of SP group was significantly increased compared to MP group and HI group. Conclusion Compared to SP-infected and HI-infected children with SCAP, children with SCAP infected with MP tend to have a more intense inflammatory response. The α diversity was higher in the lower airways of children with SCAP and SP infections compared to MP-infected and HI-infected children with SCAP.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05819-xSevere community-acquired pneumoniaMycoplasma pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeHaemophilus influenzaeMicrobiota
spellingShingle Yingying Luo
Ruxi Wu
Weiwei Wu
Deyu Zhao
Yazhou Jiang
Haiyan Gu
Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
BMC Pediatrics
Severe community-acquired pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Microbiota
title Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
title_full Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
title_fullStr Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
title_full_unstemmed Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
title_short Differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community-acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
title_sort differences in pulmonary microbiota of severe community acquired pneumonia with different pathogenic microorganisms in children
topic Severe community-acquired pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Microbiota
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05819-x
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