Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications

Abstract The design and implementation of a wideband low-loss H-plane horn slot antenna array excited by a 2-by-2 bottom-fed planar corporate feeding network is presented in this paper. The feeding network is presented by a 2-by-2 symmetric power dividing system designed to feed a 2-by-2 slot antenn...

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Main Authors: Mahboubeh Taraji, Elham Baladi, Marco A. Antoniades
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99482-y
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author Mahboubeh Taraji
Elham Baladi
Marco A. Antoniades
author_facet Mahboubeh Taraji
Elham Baladi
Marco A. Antoniades
author_sort Mahboubeh Taraji
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The design and implementation of a wideband low-loss H-plane horn slot antenna array excited by a 2-by-2 bottom-fed planar corporate feeding network is presented in this paper. The feeding network is presented by a 2-by-2 symmetric power dividing system designed to feed a 2-by-2 slot antenna array from bottom. The feeding network is realized using printed ridge gap waveguide technology as a magnetic ground, to suppress surface wave propagation and to enable quasi-TEM wave propagation along the microstrip feed. Each of the power-divider branches in the feeding network excites a slot, while maintaining the impedance bandwidth of the original unloaded power divider. The feeding mechanism and H-plane horn elements help to control the sidelobe levels and increase the overall gain. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations, with an impedance bandwidth of over 58.5%, covering the entire X-band, with a peak gain of 14.1 dBi at 10 GHz, and a measured radiation efficiency greater than 86% throughout the operating frequency range, with a peak of 99% at 10 GHz. These are significant improvements compared to an impedance bandwidth of less than 25% and a gain of 11 dBi for the antenna array without the horn elements. The antenna has a compact size of $$4.8\times 4.8\times 1.5\,\text {cm}^{2}$$ or 1.6 $$\lambda _0\times$$ 1.6 $$\lambda _0\times$$ 0.5 $$\lambda _0$$ at 10 GHz.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-c037da31bb064313b8528ea123d65d982025-08-20T03:08:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-99482-yCompact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applicationsMahboubeh Taraji0Elham Baladi1Marco A. Antoniades2Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Poly-Grames Research Center, Polytechnique Montreal, University of MontrealDepartment of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan UniversityAbstract The design and implementation of a wideband low-loss H-plane horn slot antenna array excited by a 2-by-2 bottom-fed planar corporate feeding network is presented in this paper. The feeding network is presented by a 2-by-2 symmetric power dividing system designed to feed a 2-by-2 slot antenna array from bottom. The feeding network is realized using printed ridge gap waveguide technology as a magnetic ground, to suppress surface wave propagation and to enable quasi-TEM wave propagation along the microstrip feed. Each of the power-divider branches in the feeding network excites a slot, while maintaining the impedance bandwidth of the original unloaded power divider. The feeding mechanism and H-plane horn elements help to control the sidelobe levels and increase the overall gain. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations, with an impedance bandwidth of over 58.5%, covering the entire X-band, with a peak gain of 14.1 dBi at 10 GHz, and a measured radiation efficiency greater than 86% throughout the operating frequency range, with a peak of 99% at 10 GHz. These are significant improvements compared to an impedance bandwidth of less than 25% and a gain of 11 dBi for the antenna array without the horn elements. The antenna has a compact size of $$4.8\times 4.8\times 1.5\,\text {cm}^{2}$$ or 1.6 $$\lambda _0\times$$ 1.6 $$\lambda _0\times$$ 0.5 $$\lambda _0$$ at 10 GHz.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99482-yPrinted ridge gap waveguide (PRGW)Quasi-TEMStopbandSlot antenna arrayH-plane horn
spellingShingle Mahboubeh Taraji
Elham Baladi
Marco A. Antoniades
Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
Scientific Reports
Printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW)
Quasi-TEM
Stopband
Slot antenna array
H-plane horn
title Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
title_full Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
title_fullStr Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
title_full_unstemmed Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
title_short Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
title_sort compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for x band applications
topic Printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW)
Quasi-TEM
Stopband
Slot antenna array
H-plane horn
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99482-y
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