Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform
Grass-clover is one of the main biomass crops in northern Europe relevant for green biorefining to produce protein feed ingredients. The present study investigated the unique combination of a green biorefinery platform and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to extract lipids and biocompounds besid...
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Elsevier
2025-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of CO2 Utilization |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001829 |
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| author | Damian E.L. Fetzer Jose A.P. Coelho Morten Ambye-Jensen |
| author_facet | Damian E.L. Fetzer Jose A.P. Coelho Morten Ambye-Jensen |
| author_sort | Damian E.L. Fetzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grass-clover is one of the main biomass crops in northern Europe relevant for green biorefining to produce protein feed ingredients. The present study investigated the unique combination of a green biorefinery platform and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to extract lipids and biocompounds besides improving the downstream process from grass-clover leaf protein concentrate (LPC) and grass-clover fibrous press cake (FPC). Grass-clover was harvested and processed on a green biorefinery demonstration platform to yield both LPC and FPC. Then, supercritical CO2 was used by a design of experiments (DoE) method utilizing two factors (temperature and pressure) for process and optimization to obtain the extracts from LPC. Oil extraction yields from 5.41 % to 8.20 % based on dry matter was obtained. The best experimental conditions of 357.1 K and 50 MPa, were obtained for LPC oil extraction and were applied to extract oil from FPC, achieving 2.5 % oil extract. The scCO2 extracts contained 1,4-Eicosadiene, Neophytadiene, and Phytol as the main compounds, including lipid rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which also contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extracts. Protein concentration increases on LPC and PFC after defatting extractions. In conclusion, the integration in a green biorefining process with scCO2 showed extracts rich in lipids that are generally used in different food/pharmaceutical applications and, at the same time, served as a downstream process, increasing the protein content in the LPC. ScCO2 of FPC generated lignocellulosic rich in lipid-free fibers that can be used in further cascade valorization to produce biomaterials and chemicals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c02b098d4ea74570aeb00cef59a83811 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2212-9839 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of CO2 Utilization |
| spelling | doaj-art-c02b098d4ea74570aeb00cef59a838112025-08-23T04:48:20ZengElsevierJournal of CO2 Utilization2212-98392025-11-0110110319810.1016/j.jcou.2025.103198Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platformDamian E.L. Fetzer0Jose A.P. Coelho1Morten Ambye-Jensen2Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Tjele 8830, DenmarkInstituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa 1959-007, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, PortugalDepartment of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Tjele 8830, Denmark; Corresponding author at: Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus 8200, Denmark.Grass-clover is one of the main biomass crops in northern Europe relevant for green biorefining to produce protein feed ingredients. The present study investigated the unique combination of a green biorefinery platform and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to extract lipids and biocompounds besides improving the downstream process from grass-clover leaf protein concentrate (LPC) and grass-clover fibrous press cake (FPC). Grass-clover was harvested and processed on a green biorefinery demonstration platform to yield both LPC and FPC. Then, supercritical CO2 was used by a design of experiments (DoE) method utilizing two factors (temperature and pressure) for process and optimization to obtain the extracts from LPC. Oil extraction yields from 5.41 % to 8.20 % based on dry matter was obtained. The best experimental conditions of 357.1 K and 50 MPa, were obtained for LPC oil extraction and were applied to extract oil from FPC, achieving 2.5 % oil extract. The scCO2 extracts contained 1,4-Eicosadiene, Neophytadiene, and Phytol as the main compounds, including lipid rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which also contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extracts. Protein concentration increases on LPC and PFC after defatting extractions. In conclusion, the integration in a green biorefining process with scCO2 showed extracts rich in lipids that are generally used in different food/pharmaceutical applications and, at the same time, served as a downstream process, increasing the protein content in the LPC. ScCO2 of FPC generated lignocellulosic rich in lipid-free fibers that can be used in further cascade valorization to produce biomaterials and chemicals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001829LipidsSupercritical CO2Grass-cloverPress-cake-fiberLeaf protein concentrateGreen biorefinery |
| spellingShingle | Damian E.L. Fetzer Jose A.P. Coelho Morten Ambye-Jensen Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform Journal of CO2 Utilization Lipids Supercritical CO2 Grass-clover Press-cake-fiber Leaf protein concentrate Green biorefinery |
| title | Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| title_full | Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| title_short | Extraction of lipids with supercritical CO2 and downstream processing from grass-clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| title_sort | extraction of lipids with supercritical co2 and downstream processing from grass clover products from a green biorefinery demonstration platform |
| topic | Lipids Supercritical CO2 Grass-clover Press-cake-fiber Leaf protein concentrate Green biorefinery |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025001829 |
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