Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction

This paper studies an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled communication network, in which the UAV acts as an air relay serving multiple ground users (GUs) to jointly construct an accurate radio map or channel knowledge maps (CKM) through a federated learning (FL) algorithm. Radio map or CKM is a s...

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Main Authors: Fahui Wu, Yunfei Gao, Lin Xiao, Dingcheng Yang, Jiangbin Lyu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10662910/
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author Fahui Wu
Yunfei Gao
Lin Xiao
Dingcheng Yang
Jiangbin Lyu
author_facet Fahui Wu
Yunfei Gao
Lin Xiao
Dingcheng Yang
Jiangbin Lyu
author_sort Fahui Wu
collection DOAJ
description This paper studies an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled communication network, in which the UAV acts as an air relay serving multiple ground users (GUs) to jointly construct an accurate radio map or channel knowledge maps (CKM) through a federated learning (FL) algorithm. Radio map or CKM is a site-specific database that contains detailed channel-related information for specific locations. This information includes channel power gains, shadowing, interference, and angles of arrival (AoA) and departure (AoD), all of which are crucial for enabling environment-aware wireless communications. Because the wireless communication network has limited resource blocks (RBs), only a subset of users can be selected to transmit the model parameters at each iteration. Since the FL training process requires multiple transmission model parameters, the energy limitation of the wireless device will seriously affect the quality of the FL result. In this sense, the energy consumption and resource allocation have a significance to the final FL training result. We formulate an optimization problem by jointly considering user selection, wireless resource allocation, and UAV deployment, with the goal of minimizing the computation energy and wireless transmission energy. To solve the problem, we first propose a probabilistic user selection mechanism to reduce the total number of FL iterations, whereby the users who have a larger impact on the global model in each iteration are more likely to be selected. Then the convex optimization technique is utilized to optimize bandwidth allocation. Furthermore, to further save communication transmission energy, we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize the deployment location of the UAV. The DRL-based method enables the UAV to learn from its interaction with the environment and ascertain the most energy-efficient deployment locations through an evaluation of energy consumption during the training process. Finally, the simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can reduce the total energy consumption by nearly 38%, compared to the standard FL algorithm.
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publishDate 2024-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-c01a70d7b6894d8faa9f60ac4cc4ebd52025-08-20T02:53:10ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking2831-316X2024-01-0121248126410.1109/TMLCN.2024.345321210662910Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map ConstructionFahui Wu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-8079Yunfei Gao1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-5625Lin Xiao2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5608-3106Dingcheng Yang3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-4481Jiangbin Lyu4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-7647Information Engineering School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaInformation Engineering School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaInformation Engineering School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Informatics, Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaThis paper studies an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled communication network, in which the UAV acts as an air relay serving multiple ground users (GUs) to jointly construct an accurate radio map or channel knowledge maps (CKM) through a federated learning (FL) algorithm. Radio map or CKM is a site-specific database that contains detailed channel-related information for specific locations. This information includes channel power gains, shadowing, interference, and angles of arrival (AoA) and departure (AoD), all of which are crucial for enabling environment-aware wireless communications. Because the wireless communication network has limited resource blocks (RBs), only a subset of users can be selected to transmit the model parameters at each iteration. Since the FL training process requires multiple transmission model parameters, the energy limitation of the wireless device will seriously affect the quality of the FL result. In this sense, the energy consumption and resource allocation have a significance to the final FL training result. We formulate an optimization problem by jointly considering user selection, wireless resource allocation, and UAV deployment, with the goal of minimizing the computation energy and wireless transmission energy. To solve the problem, we first propose a probabilistic user selection mechanism to reduce the total number of FL iterations, whereby the users who have a larger impact on the global model in each iteration are more likely to be selected. Then the convex optimization technique is utilized to optimize bandwidth allocation. Furthermore, to further save communication transmission energy, we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize the deployment location of the UAV. The DRL-based method enables the UAV to learn from its interaction with the environment and ascertain the most energy-efficient deployment locations through an evaluation of energy consumption during the training process. Finally, the simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can reduce the total energy consumption by nearly 38%, compared to the standard FL algorithm.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10662910/Energy efficiencyfederated learningradio mapprobability user selectionresource allocationunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
spellingShingle Fahui Wu
Yunfei Gao
Lin Xiao
Dingcheng Yang
Jiangbin Lyu
Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking
Energy efficiency
federated learning
radio map
probability user selection
resource allocation
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
title Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
title_full Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
title_fullStr Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
title_full_unstemmed Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
title_short Energy Minimization for Federated Learning Based Radio Map Construction
title_sort energy minimization for federated learning based radio map construction
topic Energy efficiency
federated learning
radio map
probability user selection
resource allocation
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10662910/
work_keys_str_mv AT fahuiwu energyminimizationforfederatedlearningbasedradiomapconstruction
AT yunfeigao energyminimizationforfederatedlearningbasedradiomapconstruction
AT linxiao energyminimizationforfederatedlearningbasedradiomapconstruction
AT dingchengyang energyminimizationforfederatedlearningbasedradiomapconstruction
AT jiangbinlyu energyminimizationforfederatedlearningbasedradiomapconstruction