Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems

Concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in cage systems (CS) have prompted the development of alternative housing systems, such as aviary systems (AS). However, debate remains about welfare and productivity under both systems. This study compares the welfare and egg quality of laying hens in C...

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Main Authors: Hyelim Jeon, Hyeonwook Shin, Juho Lee, Junsik Kim, Sarbani Biswas, Jungwon Lee, Jinhyeon Yun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002263
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author Hyelim Jeon
Hyeonwook Shin
Juho Lee
Junsik Kim
Sarbani Biswas
Jungwon Lee
Jinhyeon Yun
author_facet Hyelim Jeon
Hyeonwook Shin
Juho Lee
Junsik Kim
Sarbani Biswas
Jungwon Lee
Jinhyeon Yun
author_sort Hyelim Jeon
collection DOAJ
description Concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in cage systems (CS) have prompted the development of alternative housing systems, such as aviary systems (AS). However, debate remains about welfare and productivity under both systems. This study compares the welfare and egg quality of laying hens in CS and AS. Hy-Line Brown hens housed in CS (n = 79,500; cage space = 0.075 m2/hen; 6.14 hens/cage) and AS (n = 42,079; floor space = 9 hens/m2) on a single farm were evaluated at 28, 38, and 48 weeks of age. Five evaluators from the Welfare Quality® protocol were used to assess physical conditions (n = 600), and behaviors were assessed through qualitative behavior assessment (n = 15 flocks), avoidance distance test (ADT; n = 315), and novel object test (NOT; n = 15 flocks). Additionally, blood parameters (n = 50), egg quality (n = 50), and serum (n = 50) and egg yolk (n = 90) corticosterone levels were measured. Feather condition in CS hens deteriorated with age, showing higher plumage damage scores than AS hens, though both systems showed increases in comb pecking wounds and feather damage over time. The AS hens showed more positive behaviors, e.g., being active and energetic, while CS hens exhibited more negative behaviors, e.g., fearfulness and depression. In the AS, hens responded more quickly to the observer in the ADT (P < 0.01 for all periods), and more approached the object in the NOT (P < 0.01 at 38 and 48 weeks). The CS hens had higher yolk corticosterone levels (P < 0.05) at 48 weeks but produced heavier eggs consistently across all periods (P < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of evaluating laying hen welfare through a combination of behavioral, physical, and physiological measures. Our findings suggest that the AS provides better welfare outcomes for hens than the CS, offering critical insights for improving both animal welfare and productivity in future housing systems.
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spelling doaj-art-c00ceaa6e0cd4356b292fce2e9e7d8362025-08-20T03:10:21ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-05-01104510498710.1016/j.psj.2025.104987Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systemsHyelim Jeon0Hyeonwook Shin1Juho Lee2Junsik Kim3Sarbani Biswas4Jungwon Lee5Jinhyeon Yun6Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, South KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South KoreaPulmuone Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 28220, South KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; Corresponding author.Concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in cage systems (CS) have prompted the development of alternative housing systems, such as aviary systems (AS). However, debate remains about welfare and productivity under both systems. This study compares the welfare and egg quality of laying hens in CS and AS. Hy-Line Brown hens housed in CS (n = 79,500; cage space = 0.075 m2/hen; 6.14 hens/cage) and AS (n = 42,079; floor space = 9 hens/m2) on a single farm were evaluated at 28, 38, and 48 weeks of age. Five evaluators from the Welfare Quality® protocol were used to assess physical conditions (n = 600), and behaviors were assessed through qualitative behavior assessment (n = 15 flocks), avoidance distance test (ADT; n = 315), and novel object test (NOT; n = 15 flocks). Additionally, blood parameters (n = 50), egg quality (n = 50), and serum (n = 50) and egg yolk (n = 90) corticosterone levels were measured. Feather condition in CS hens deteriorated with age, showing higher plumage damage scores than AS hens, though both systems showed increases in comb pecking wounds and feather damage over time. The AS hens showed more positive behaviors, e.g., being active and energetic, while CS hens exhibited more negative behaviors, e.g., fearfulness and depression. In the AS, hens responded more quickly to the observer in the ADT (P < 0.01 for all periods), and more approached the object in the NOT (P < 0.01 at 38 and 48 weeks). The CS hens had higher yolk corticosterone levels (P < 0.05) at 48 weeks but produced heavier eggs consistently across all periods (P < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of evaluating laying hen welfare through a combination of behavioral, physical, and physiological measures. Our findings suggest that the AS provides better welfare outcomes for hens than the CS, offering critical insights for improving both animal welfare and productivity in future housing systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002263Egg qualityHousing system physical condition scorePoultry welfareStress indicator
spellingShingle Hyelim Jeon
Hyeonwook Shin
Juho Lee
Junsik Kim
Sarbani Biswas
Jungwon Lee
Jinhyeon Yun
Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
Poultry Science
Egg quality
Housing system physical condition score
Poultry welfare
Stress indicator
title Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
title_full Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
title_fullStr Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
title_full_unstemmed Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
title_short Welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
title_sort welfare characteristics of laying hens in aviary and cage systems
topic Egg quality
Housing system physical condition score
Poultry welfare
Stress indicator
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002263
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AT juholee welfarecharacteristicsoflayinghensinaviaryandcagesystems
AT junsikkim welfarecharacteristicsoflayinghensinaviaryandcagesystems
AT sarbanibiswas welfarecharacteristicsoflayinghensinaviaryandcagesystems
AT jungwonlee welfarecharacteristicsoflayinghensinaviaryandcagesystems
AT jinhyeonyun welfarecharacteristicsoflayinghensinaviaryandcagesystems