Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India
Introduction: Growth monitoring is a crucial screening tool that aids in the early diagnosis of various nutritional, chronic systemic and endocrine diseases. The choice of reference charts used to measure different measures of nutritional status can significantly impact the accuracy of these indicat...
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JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2443/76458_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_SS)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA_NC(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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| author | Shalini Yadhav AS Jagadish R Premalatha B Ravichander |
| author_facet | Shalini Yadhav AS Jagadish R Premalatha B Ravichander |
| author_sort | Shalini Yadhav |
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| description | Introduction: Growth monitoring is a crucial screening tool that aids in the early diagnosis of various nutritional, chronic systemic and endocrine diseases. The choice of reference charts used to measure different measures of nutritional status can significantly impact the accuracy of these indicators, which, in turn, affects the assessment of government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare outcomes.
Aim: To compare the World Health Organisation (WHO) and 2019 Indian synthetic growth charts in children under five years of age from rural area of Karnataka, and to study the nutritional status of predominantly breastfed infants less than six months of age using the two charts.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from July 2022 to July 2024. The study included a sample size of 1,252 children between the ages of 0-60 months who presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) or attended Anganwadi centres. Demographic details such as name, age, sex, birth weight, and gestation at birth were collected using a predesigned proforma. Anthropometric parameters were measured. The measured variables (height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI)) were plotted on both the WHO charts and the 2019 Indian synthetic charts and classified accordingly. A paired t-test was used to compare the mean values between variables, while McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportions for the variables.
Results: Of the 1,252 children included in the study, 764 (61%) were males and 488 (39%) were females. Mean birth weight of the subjects was 2.85±0.44 kg. On WHO charts, the mean Z scores for height, weight and BMI was -1.28±1.54, -1.18±1.12, and -0.58±1.32 whereas on Synthetic charts, it was -0.61±1.36, -0.58±1.34, and 0.36±1.70, respectively. The analysis revealed a significant difference in Z scores when measured by WHO charts and synthetic charts (p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: The use of synthetic growth charts may be more suitable for Indian children when compared to the WHO charts, as suggested by statistically significant difference in Z scores of measured variables. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c0073d13b2b64ff083e90973a984c40b2025-08-20T03:29:43ZengJCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research2277-85272455-68902025-04-01132PO16PO2010.7860/IJNMR/2025/76458.2443Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, IndiaShalini Yadhav0AS Jagadish1R Premalatha2B Ravichander3Junior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India.Professor, Department of Paediatrics, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India.Professor and Head, Department of Paediatrics, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India.Professor and Principal, Department of Paediatrics, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India.Introduction: Growth monitoring is a crucial screening tool that aids in the early diagnosis of various nutritional, chronic systemic and endocrine diseases. The choice of reference charts used to measure different measures of nutritional status can significantly impact the accuracy of these indicators, which, in turn, affects the assessment of government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare outcomes. Aim: To compare the World Health Organisation (WHO) and 2019 Indian synthetic growth charts in children under five years of age from rural area of Karnataka, and to study the nutritional status of predominantly breastfed infants less than six months of age using the two charts. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from July 2022 to July 2024. The study included a sample size of 1,252 children between the ages of 0-60 months who presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) or attended Anganwadi centres. Demographic details such as name, age, sex, birth weight, and gestation at birth were collected using a predesigned proforma. Anthropometric parameters were measured. The measured variables (height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI)) were plotted on both the WHO charts and the 2019 Indian synthetic charts and classified accordingly. A paired t-test was used to compare the mean values between variables, while McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportions for the variables. Results: Of the 1,252 children included in the study, 764 (61%) were males and 488 (39%) were females. Mean birth weight of the subjects was 2.85±0.44 kg. On WHO charts, the mean Z scores for height, weight and BMI was -1.28±1.54, -1.18±1.12, and -0.58±1.32 whereas on Synthetic charts, it was -0.61±1.36, -0.58±1.34, and 0.36±1.70, respectively. The analysis revealed a significant difference in Z scores when measured by WHO charts and synthetic charts (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The use of synthetic growth charts may be more suitable for Indian children when compared to the WHO charts, as suggested by statistically significant difference in Z scores of measured variables.https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2443/76458_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_SS)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA_NC(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdfanthropometrynational family health surveynutritional statusobesity |
| spellingShingle | Shalini Yadhav AS Jagadish R Premalatha B Ravichander Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research anthropometry national family health survey nutritional status obesity |
| title | Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India |
| title_full | Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India |
| title_short | Comparison of WHO Growth Standards with 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts in Children under Five Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study from Rural Area of Karnataka, India |
| title_sort | comparison of who growth standards with 2019 indian synthetic growth charts in children under five years of age a cross sectional study from rural area of karnataka india |
| topic | anthropometry national family health survey nutritional status obesity |
| url | https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2443/76458_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_SS)_PF1(AG_SL)_PFA_NC(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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