Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants

Both biosystems and engineering fields demand advanced friction-reducing and lubricating materials. Due to their hydrophilicity and tissue-mimicking properties, hydrogels are ideal candidates for use as lubricants in water-based environments. They are particularly well-suited for applications involv...

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Main Authors: Song Chen, Zumin Wu, Lei Wei, Xiuqin Bai, Chengqing Yuan, Zhiwei Guo, Ying Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Gels
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/526
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author Song Chen
Zumin Wu
Lei Wei
Xiuqin Bai
Chengqing Yuan
Zhiwei Guo
Ying Yang
author_facet Song Chen
Zumin Wu
Lei Wei
Xiuqin Bai
Chengqing Yuan
Zhiwei Guo
Ying Yang
author_sort Song Chen
collection DOAJ
description Both biosystems and engineering fields demand advanced friction-reducing and lubricating materials. Due to their hydrophilicity and tissue-mimicking properties, hydrogels are ideal candidates for use as lubricants in water-based environments. They are particularly well-suited for applications involving biocompatibility or interactions with intelligent devices such as soft robots. However, external environments, whether within the human body or in engineering applications, often present a wide range of dynamic conditions, including variations in shear stress, temperature, light, pH, and electric fields. Additionally, hydrogels inherently possess low mechanical strength, and their dimensional stability can be compromised by changes during hydration. This review focuses on recent advancements in using environmentally responsive hydrogels as lubricants. It explores strategies involving physical or structural modifications, as well as the incorporation of smart chemical functional groups into hydrogel polymer chains, which enable diverse responsive mechanisms. Drawing on both the existing literature and our own research, we also examine how composite friction materials where hydrogels serve as water-based lubricants offer promising solutions for demanding engineering environments, such as bearing systems in marine vessels.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2310-2861
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Gels
spelling doaj-art-bffc7f2368464c6f900efce74833dbdb2025-08-20T02:45:38ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-07-0111752610.3390/gels11070526Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based LubricantsSong Chen0Zumin Wu1Lei Wei2Xiuqin Bai3Chengqing Yuan4Zhiwei Guo5Ying Yang6College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UKBoth biosystems and engineering fields demand advanced friction-reducing and lubricating materials. Due to their hydrophilicity and tissue-mimicking properties, hydrogels are ideal candidates for use as lubricants in water-based environments. They are particularly well-suited for applications involving biocompatibility or interactions with intelligent devices such as soft robots. However, external environments, whether within the human body or in engineering applications, often present a wide range of dynamic conditions, including variations in shear stress, temperature, light, pH, and electric fields. Additionally, hydrogels inherently possess low mechanical strength, and their dimensional stability can be compromised by changes during hydration. This review focuses on recent advancements in using environmentally responsive hydrogels as lubricants. It explores strategies involving physical or structural modifications, as well as the incorporation of smart chemical functional groups into hydrogel polymer chains, which enable diverse responsive mechanisms. Drawing on both the existing literature and our own research, we also examine how composite friction materials where hydrogels serve as water-based lubricants offer promising solutions for demanding engineering environments, such as bearing systems in marine vessels.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/526lubricationwater-based hydrogelsenvironmentally responsivecompositefriction pair
spellingShingle Song Chen
Zumin Wu
Lei Wei
Xiuqin Bai
Chengqing Yuan
Zhiwei Guo
Ying Yang
Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
Gels
lubrication
water-based hydrogels
environmentally responsive
composite
friction pair
title Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
title_full Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
title_fullStr Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
title_full_unstemmed Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
title_short Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels and Composites Containing Hydrogels as Water-Based Lubricants
title_sort environmentally responsive hydrogels and composites containing hydrogels as water based lubricants
topic lubrication
water-based hydrogels
environmentally responsive
composite
friction pair
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/526
work_keys_str_mv AT songchen environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT zuminwu environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT leiwei environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT xiuqinbai environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT chengqingyuan environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT zhiweiguo environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants
AT yingyang environmentallyresponsivehydrogelsandcompositescontaininghydrogelsaswaterbasedlubricants