Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization
For a steady, continuous power supply, renewable energy has become one of the most promising substitutes for traditional energy sources in recent decades. Since the behaviour of solar and wind generation changes quickly with the environment and causes significant synchronizing imbalances between var...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525002831 |
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| author | Adhit Roy Susanta Dutta Soumen Biswas Anagha Bhattacharya Sajjan Kumar Soham Dutta Provas Kumar Roy |
| author_facet | Adhit Roy Susanta Dutta Soumen Biswas Anagha Bhattacharya Sajjan Kumar Soham Dutta Provas Kumar Roy |
| author_sort | Adhit Roy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For a steady, continuous power supply, renewable energy has become one of the most promising substitutes for traditional energy sources in recent decades. Since the behaviour of solar and wind generation changes quickly with the environment and causes significant synchronizing imbalances between various units with system delays in large electrical grids, users face numerous challenges while shifting from conventional energy to renewable energy. System performance is impacted when automated generation control (AGC) reduces frequency variation within a specific range. The effect of the fractional order tilt-integral derivative (FOTID) on the stable limitations for the directive of non-conventional energy sources in a hybrid distributed system in a three-area AGC system is the main topic of the proposed investigation. Formal delay margin analysis receives less attention in studies than performance indicators like overshoot and settling time. Techniques such as the Rekasius substitution approach is applied to analyse intelligent-controlled AGC systems’ maximum allowable delay boundaries (MADB). Few studies have examined AGC with delays in such configurations, despite the fact that systems become more nonlinear and uncertain as renewable integration increases. To ensure dependable and robust operation under uncertain temporal delays, it becomes essential to ascertain the maximum allowable delay bound (MADB) or delay margin of systems controlled by FOTID controllers. FOTID controllers, as opposed to traditional PID controllers, incorporate non-integer orders, which complicates analysis and necessitates the use of more advanced methods such as the rekasius replacement approach. By comparing the aforementioned controller to other controllers, including the PID, FOPID, 2DOF-PID, and 3DOF-PID, the efficacy of the system is verified. To do this, the current authors have created an asymptotic bode plot of a time-delayed FOTID controller and used rekasius substitution to calculate the delay margin (DM). Multi model multi-objective grey prediction evolution (MMGPE) optimization has been designed to fine-tune the previously specified controller settings. A simulation study is then conducted to confirm the robustness of the proposed control strategies under a wide variety of load and system parameter variations. The MMGPE technique is proposed to tune all of the FOTID controller’s parameters in areas 1, 2 and 3 so that they fall within the permitted delay margin. The simulation validation suggests a FOTID controller with a fractional order (n) range of 0.1 to 0.8 and a set of values for λ and μ that will be maintained within a specified delay margin. The resilience of the controller is confirmed by adding a random load to the system. It is found that the recommended approach provides the load frequency control (LFC) system with better accurate delay margin results. It is observed that the percentage of improvement in overshoot and settling time for Δf1 using proposed MMGPE tuned FOTID controller with respect to MMGPE based 3DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID, FOPID and PID are 10.7%, 25.2%, 31% & 90.7% and 41.9%, 61.3%, 65.6% & 75.8% respectively. Similarly, for Δf2, the improvement of overshoot and settling time using MMGPE tuned FOTID controller are 4.3% %, 11.41% , 21.95% & 24.2% and 26.3%, 49.7%, 77.7% with respect to MMGPE tuned 3DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID, FOPID and PID respectively. The suggested algorithm has produced better results, which has been confirmed by statistical methods like one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bfee0c5382484be1a2c4159766de9b8e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-bfee0c5382484be1a2c4159766de9b8e2025-08-20T03:45:12ZengElsevierEnergy Conversion and Management: X2590-17452025-07-012710115110.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101151Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimizationAdhit Roy0Susanta Dutta1Soumen Biswas2Anagha Bhattacharya3Sajjan Kumar4Soham Dutta5Provas Kumar Roy6Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT, Mizoram, India; Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sanaka Educational Trust’s Group of Institutions, Durgapur, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, NIT, Mizoram, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India; Corresponding author.Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalyani government engineering college, Kalyani, West Bengal, IndiaFor a steady, continuous power supply, renewable energy has become one of the most promising substitutes for traditional energy sources in recent decades. Since the behaviour of solar and wind generation changes quickly with the environment and causes significant synchronizing imbalances between various units with system delays in large electrical grids, users face numerous challenges while shifting from conventional energy to renewable energy. System performance is impacted when automated generation control (AGC) reduces frequency variation within a specific range. The effect of the fractional order tilt-integral derivative (FOTID) on the stable limitations for the directive of non-conventional energy sources in a hybrid distributed system in a three-area AGC system is the main topic of the proposed investigation. Formal delay margin analysis receives less attention in studies than performance indicators like overshoot and settling time. Techniques such as the Rekasius substitution approach is applied to analyse intelligent-controlled AGC systems’ maximum allowable delay boundaries (MADB). Few studies have examined AGC with delays in such configurations, despite the fact that systems become more nonlinear and uncertain as renewable integration increases. To ensure dependable and robust operation under uncertain temporal delays, it becomes essential to ascertain the maximum allowable delay bound (MADB) or delay margin of systems controlled by FOTID controllers. FOTID controllers, as opposed to traditional PID controllers, incorporate non-integer orders, which complicates analysis and necessitates the use of more advanced methods such as the rekasius replacement approach. By comparing the aforementioned controller to other controllers, including the PID, FOPID, 2DOF-PID, and 3DOF-PID, the efficacy of the system is verified. To do this, the current authors have created an asymptotic bode plot of a time-delayed FOTID controller and used rekasius substitution to calculate the delay margin (DM). Multi model multi-objective grey prediction evolution (MMGPE) optimization has been designed to fine-tune the previously specified controller settings. A simulation study is then conducted to confirm the robustness of the proposed control strategies under a wide variety of load and system parameter variations. The MMGPE technique is proposed to tune all of the FOTID controller’s parameters in areas 1, 2 and 3 so that they fall within the permitted delay margin. The simulation validation suggests a FOTID controller with a fractional order (n) range of 0.1 to 0.8 and a set of values for λ and μ that will be maintained within a specified delay margin. The resilience of the controller is confirmed by adding a random load to the system. It is found that the recommended approach provides the load frequency control (LFC) system with better accurate delay margin results. It is observed that the percentage of improvement in overshoot and settling time for Δf1 using proposed MMGPE tuned FOTID controller with respect to MMGPE based 3DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID, FOPID and PID are 10.7%, 25.2%, 31% & 90.7% and 41.9%, 61.3%, 65.6% & 75.8% respectively. Similarly, for Δf2, the improvement of overshoot and settling time using MMGPE tuned FOTID controller are 4.3% %, 11.41% , 21.95% & 24.2% and 26.3%, 49.7%, 77.7% with respect to MMGPE tuned 3DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID, FOPID and PID respectively. The suggested algorithm has produced better results, which has been confirmed by statistical methods like one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525002831Hybrid systemMultimodel Multi-objective grey prediction evolution (MMGPE) OptimizationNon conventional energy (Solar and wind system )DeregulationFOTID controllerMargin of allowable delay (MADB) |
| spellingShingle | Adhit Roy Susanta Dutta Soumen Biswas Anagha Bhattacharya Sajjan Kumar Soham Dutta Provas Kumar Roy Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization Energy Conversion and Management: X Hybrid system Multimodel Multi-objective grey prediction evolution (MMGPE) Optimization Non conventional energy (Solar and wind system ) Deregulation FOTID controller Margin of allowable delay (MADB) |
| title | Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization |
| title_full | Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization |
| title_fullStr | Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization |
| title_short | Delay margin analysis of FOTID controller for RES based EV system using MMGPE optimization |
| title_sort | delay margin analysis of fotid controller for res based ev system using mmgpe optimization |
| topic | Hybrid system Multimodel Multi-objective grey prediction evolution (MMGPE) Optimization Non conventional energy (Solar and wind system ) Deregulation FOTID controller Margin of allowable delay (MADB) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525002831 |
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