Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway

High-Speed Railways (HSRs) are a growing transportation mode with significant environmental advantages, particularly in reducing carbon emissions. However, their direct impacts on wildlife, especially birds, are not fully understood. This study investigates the factors influencing bird-train collisi...

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Main Authors: Lourenço Falcão Rodrigues, Jesús Herranz Barrera, Eladio L. García de la Morena, Cristina Mata Estacio, Juan E. Malo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425001398
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author Lourenço Falcão Rodrigues
Jesús Herranz Barrera
Eladio L. García de la Morena
Cristina Mata Estacio
Juan E. Malo
author_facet Lourenço Falcão Rodrigues
Jesús Herranz Barrera
Eladio L. García de la Morena
Cristina Mata Estacio
Juan E. Malo
author_sort Lourenço Falcão Rodrigues
collection DOAJ
description High-Speed Railways (HSRs) are a growing transportation mode with significant environmental advantages, particularly in reducing carbon emissions. However, their direct impacts on wildlife, especially birds, are not fully understood. This study investigates the factors influencing bird-train collisions and risky bird crossings (crossings through the danger zone, defined as the 8.5-meter area between the railway tracks and the catenary) along a 300 km section of an HSR line in Spain. Using on-board video data, we recorded 675 bird risky crossing events over two years of data collection, totalling 127 journeys and 34,250 km of cumulative travel. Geographic Information System (GIS) data was used to explore three environmental factors affecting risky crossings and potential collision risks: (i) railway height (orography), (ii) surrounding landscape, and (iii) wildlife protected areas. Our findings reveal that certain HSR infrastructure features, such as the presence of tall embankments and surrounding landscape such as nearby open lands (crops and shrubland), significantly increase the frequency of risky crossings. Additionally, we found that species associated with human modified landscapes were particularly prone to these risky crossings, whereas forest birds were rarely observed performing risky crossings. These results highlight that birds’ collision risk is influenced by the biotic changes caused by the HSR. This research offers critical insights into the environmental impacts of HSRs on avian species, offering guidance for future infrastructure development and mitigation strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-bfe67c10f6f64b8991decf8f6fa6e96f2025-08-20T02:51:53ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-06-0159e0353810.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03538Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed RailwayLourenço Falcão Rodrigues0Jesús Herranz Barrera1Eladio L. García de la Morena2Cristina Mata Estacio3Juan E. Malo4Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Corresponding author.Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, SpainTerrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Biodiversity Node, S.L., Sector Foresta, 17 1B, Tres Cantos 28760, SpainTerrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, SpainTerrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), C. Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, SpainHigh-Speed Railways (HSRs) are a growing transportation mode with significant environmental advantages, particularly in reducing carbon emissions. However, their direct impacts on wildlife, especially birds, are not fully understood. This study investigates the factors influencing bird-train collisions and risky bird crossings (crossings through the danger zone, defined as the 8.5-meter area between the railway tracks and the catenary) along a 300 km section of an HSR line in Spain. Using on-board video data, we recorded 675 bird risky crossing events over two years of data collection, totalling 127 journeys and 34,250 km of cumulative travel. Geographic Information System (GIS) data was used to explore three environmental factors affecting risky crossings and potential collision risks: (i) railway height (orography), (ii) surrounding landscape, and (iii) wildlife protected areas. Our findings reveal that certain HSR infrastructure features, such as the presence of tall embankments and surrounding landscape such as nearby open lands (crops and shrubland), significantly increase the frequency of risky crossings. Additionally, we found that species associated with human modified landscapes were particularly prone to these risky crossings, whereas forest birds were rarely observed performing risky crossings. These results highlight that birds’ collision risk is influenced by the biotic changes caused by the HSR. This research offers critical insights into the environmental impacts of HSRs on avian species, offering guidance for future infrastructure development and mitigation strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425001398RoadkillWildlife-train collisionsEnvironmental impact assessmentMitigationMortalitySustainable engineering
spellingShingle Lourenço Falcão Rodrigues
Jesús Herranz Barrera
Eladio L. García de la Morena
Cristina Mata Estacio
Juan E. Malo
Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
Global Ecology and Conservation
Roadkill
Wildlife-train collisions
Environmental impact assessment
Mitigation
Mortality
Sustainable engineering
title Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
title_full Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
title_fullStr Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
title_full_unstemmed Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
title_short Infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird-train collision risk in a High-Speed Railway
title_sort infrastructure profile and surrounding land use determine bird train collision risk in a high speed railway
topic Roadkill
Wildlife-train collisions
Environmental impact assessment
Mitigation
Mortality
Sustainable engineering
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425001398
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