Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior
This study investigates the effects of chromium (Cr<sup>3+</sup>) doping on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel route. X-ray diffraction confirms a Cr-induced cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition, with lattice parameters and crystallite size varying sy...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Efracio Mamani Flores Bertha Silvana Vera Barrios Julio César Huillca Huillca Jesús Alfredo Chacaltana García Carlos Armando Polo Bravo Henry Edgardo Nina Mendoza Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Francisco Gamarra Gómez Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_facet | Efracio Mamani Flores Bertha Silvana Vera Barrios Julio César Huillca Huillca Jesús Alfredo Chacaltana García Carlos Armando Polo Bravo Henry Edgardo Nina Mendoza Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Francisco Gamarra Gómez Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_sort | Efracio Mamani Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the effects of chromium (Cr<sup>3+</sup>) doping on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel route. X-ray diffraction confirms a Cr-induced cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition, with lattice parameters and crystallite size varying systematically with Cr<sup>3+</sup> content. UV–visible spectroscopy reveals a monotonic decrease in bandgap energy from 3.168 eV (pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) to 2.604 eV (5% Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub>). Raman and FTIR spectroscopy elucidate structural distortions and vibrational mode alterations caused by Cr<sup>3+</sup> incorporation. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verify nanoscale morphology and successful Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping (up to 1.64 atom%). Antioxidant activity, evaluated using the DPPH assay, shows stable radical scavenging for pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (40.70–43.33%), with decreased activity at higher Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping levels. Antibacterial efficacy against <i>Escherichia coli</i> peaks at 0.5% Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping (10.569 mm inhibition zone at 1.5 mg/mL), decreasing at higher concentrations. This study demonstrates the tunability of structural, optical, and bioactive properties in Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, highlighting their potential as multifunctional materials for electronics, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bfd7daec9d1f48779aba1a31d933038c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-bfd7daec9d1f48779aba1a31d933038c2025-08-20T01:53:44ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522024-11-01141199810.3390/cryst14110998Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive BehaviorEfracio Mamani Flores0Bertha Silvana Vera Barrios1Julio César Huillca Huillca2Jesús Alfredo Chacaltana García3Carlos Armando Polo Bravo4Henry Edgardo Nina Mendoza5Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila6Francisco Gamarra Gómez7Rocío María Tamayo Calderón8Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe9Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari10Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruFacultad Ing. de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, PeruDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Generación y Almacenamiento de Hidrogeno, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruCentro de Microscopia Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 04001, PeruGrupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruGrupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruThis study investigates the effects of chromium (Cr<sup>3+</sup>) doping on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel route. X-ray diffraction confirms a Cr-induced cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition, with lattice parameters and crystallite size varying systematically with Cr<sup>3+</sup> content. UV–visible spectroscopy reveals a monotonic decrease in bandgap energy from 3.168 eV (pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) to 2.604 eV (5% Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub>). Raman and FTIR spectroscopy elucidate structural distortions and vibrational mode alterations caused by Cr<sup>3+</sup> incorporation. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verify nanoscale morphology and successful Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping (up to 1.64 atom%). Antioxidant activity, evaluated using the DPPH assay, shows stable radical scavenging for pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (40.70–43.33%), with decreased activity at higher Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping levels. Antibacterial efficacy against <i>Escherichia coli</i> peaks at 0.5% Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping (10.569 mm inhibition zone at 1.5 mg/mL), decreasing at higher concentrations. This study demonstrates the tunability of structural, optical, and bioactive properties in Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, highlighting their potential as multifunctional materials for electronics, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/998BaTiO<sub>3</sub>sol–geldopingphase change and bioactive |
| spellingShingle | Efracio Mamani Flores Bertha Silvana Vera Barrios Julio César Huillca Huillca Jesús Alfredo Chacaltana García Carlos Armando Polo Bravo Henry Edgardo Nina Mendoza Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Francisco Gamarra Gómez Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior Crystals BaTiO<sub>3</sub> sol–gel doping phase change and bioactive |
| title | Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior |
| title_full | Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior |
| title_short | Cr<sup>3+</sup> Doping Effects on Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characteristics of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Bioactive Behavior |
| title_sort | cr sup 3 sup doping effects on structural optical and morphological characteristics of batio sub 3 sub nanoparticles and their bioactive behavior |
| topic | BaTiO<sub>3</sub> sol–gel doping phase change and bioactive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/998 |
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