Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw

Shadow education is a widely used metaphor for private supplementary tutoring, i.e. instruction in academic subjects on a fee-charging basis outside school hours. The metaphor is used because much tutoring mimics schooling. Thus, as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadows...

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Main Authors: Mark Bray, Alexandre Ventura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) 2024-05-01
Series:Revista Española de Pedagogía
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.revistadepedagogia.org/rep/vol82/iss288/16/
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author Mark Bray
Alexandre Ventura
author_facet Mark Bray
Alexandre Ventura
author_sort Mark Bray
collection DOAJ
description Shadow education is a widely used metaphor for private supplementary tutoring, i.e. instruction in academic subjects on a fee-charging basis outside school hours. The metaphor is used because much tutoring mimics schooling. Thus, as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadows; and as schooling grows, so does the shadow. Initially with particular prominence in East Asia, albeit with deep roots elsewhere, shadow education has expanded worldwide. The phenomenon has been mapped in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Mid- dle East and North America, but has received modest attention in Latin America. This article provides an overview of the phenomenon in the region using available data and stressing the need for further research. It presents global as well as Latin American contextual factors and drivers of demand before turning to data on the scale, nature and suppliers of shadow education. The assembled picture then permits commentary on educational and social impact, and on policy implications.
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spelling doaj-art-bfd49a41c9314b609c8eb256b2ab43ab2025-08-20T03:06:09ZengUniversidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)Revista Española de Pedagogía0034-94612174-09092024-05-018228819322010.22550/2174-0909.4059Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsawMark Bray0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-1570Alexandre Ventura1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-9228University of Hong KongUniversity of AveiroShadow education is a widely used metaphor for private supplementary tutoring, i.e. instruction in academic subjects on a fee-charging basis outside school hours. The metaphor is used because much tutoring mimics schooling. Thus, as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadows; and as schooling grows, so does the shadow. Initially with particular prominence in East Asia, albeit with deep roots elsewhere, shadow education has expanded worldwide. The phenomenon has been mapped in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Mid- dle East and North America, but has received modest attention in Latin America. This article provides an overview of the phenomenon in the region using available data and stressing the need for further research. It presents global as well as Latin American contextual factors and drivers of demand before turning to data on the scale, nature and suppliers of shadow education. The assembled picture then permits commentary on educational and social impact, and on policy implications.https://www.revistadepedagogia.org/rep/vol82/iss288/16/latin americaprivate tutoringregulationsshadow educationsupplementary educationsocial inequalities
spellingShingle Mark Bray
Alexandre Ventura
Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
Revista Española de Pedagogía
latin america
private tutoring
regulations
shadow education
supplementary education
social inequalities
title Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
title_full Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
title_fullStr Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
title_full_unstemmed Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
title_short Shadow education in Latin America: Assembling the jigsaw
title_sort shadow education in latin america assembling the jigsaw
topic latin america
private tutoring
regulations
shadow education
supplementary education
social inequalities
url https://www.revistadepedagogia.org/rep/vol82/iss288/16/
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