Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves

The geometric configuration of grid electrodes critically determines both the photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiency and grid volume for solar cells. This paper presents an optimization methodology employing width-varying quadratic curves to parameterize grid electrode profiles, coupled with a comp...

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Main Authors: Yongjiang Liu, Kai Li, Bo Zhou, Xiangquan Li, Peizheng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025023941
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author Yongjiang Liu
Kai Li
Bo Zhou
Xiangquan Li
Peizheng Li
author_facet Yongjiang Liu
Kai Li
Bo Zhou
Xiangquan Li
Peizheng Li
author_sort Yongjiang Liu
collection DOAJ
description The geometric configuration of grid electrodes critically determines both the photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiency and grid volume for solar cells. This paper presents an optimization methodology employing width-varying quadratic curves to parameterize grid electrode profiles, coupled with a comprehensive power loss model. A genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented to minimize total power loss, systematically optimizing grid designs for solar cells with 156 × 156 mm², 182 × 182 mm², and 210 × 210 mm². Compared to conventional equal-width 2-busbar configurations, the optimized quadratic-curve grid electrodes demonstrate significant improvements: conversion efficiency enhancements of 1.45 %, 1.63 %, and 1.77 % with simultaneous grid volume reductions of 11.44 %, 11.39 %, and 11.23 %, respectively. For 12-busbar architectures, more pronounced benefits were achieved, with efficiency gains reaching 4.71 %, 5.33 %, 5.87 % and remarkable volume reductions of 46.55 %, 49.42 %, 51.51 % across all cell sizes. These findings offer a possible route for improving both performance and reducing grid volume.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2590-1230
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Results in Engineering
spelling doaj-art-bfd356dbe2a84bbfa5561265f4452cf02025-08-20T03:25:52ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710632210.1016/j.rineng.2025.106322Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curvesYongjiang Liu0Kai Li1Bo Zhou2Xiangquan Li3Peizheng Li4School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technique, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Corresponding author at: School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR China.School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, PR ChinaThe geometric configuration of grid electrodes critically determines both the photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiency and grid volume for solar cells. This paper presents an optimization methodology employing width-varying quadratic curves to parameterize grid electrode profiles, coupled with a comprehensive power loss model. A genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented to minimize total power loss, systematically optimizing grid designs for solar cells with 156 × 156 mm², 182 × 182 mm², and 210 × 210 mm². Compared to conventional equal-width 2-busbar configurations, the optimized quadratic-curve grid electrodes demonstrate significant improvements: conversion efficiency enhancements of 1.45 %, 1.63 %, and 1.77 % with simultaneous grid volume reductions of 11.44 %, 11.39 %, and 11.23 %, respectively. For 12-busbar architectures, more pronounced benefits were achieved, with efficiency gains reaching 4.71 %, 5.33 %, 5.87 % and remarkable volume reductions of 46.55 %, 49.42 %, 51.51 % across all cell sizes. These findings offer a possible route for improving both performance and reducing grid volume.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025023941Solar cellsGrid electrodesOptimal designConversion efficiencyGrid volume
spellingShingle Yongjiang Liu
Kai Li
Bo Zhou
Xiangquan Li
Peizheng Li
Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
Results in Engineering
Solar cells
Grid electrodes
Optimal design
Conversion efficiency
Grid volume
title Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
title_full Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
title_fullStr Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
title_full_unstemmed Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
title_short Optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
title_sort optimal design of solar cells grid electrodes based on quadratic curves
topic Solar cells
Grid electrodes
Optimal design
Conversion efficiency
Grid volume
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025023941
work_keys_str_mv AT yongjiangliu optimaldesignofsolarcellsgridelectrodesbasedonquadraticcurves
AT kaili optimaldesignofsolarcellsgridelectrodesbasedonquadraticcurves
AT bozhou optimaldesignofsolarcellsgridelectrodesbasedonquadraticcurves
AT xiangquanli optimaldesignofsolarcellsgridelectrodesbasedonquadraticcurves
AT peizhengli optimaldesignofsolarcellsgridelectrodesbasedonquadraticcurves