Trends, differences, and future projections of lung cancer attributable to secondhand smoke across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2036
Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) has long been identified as a significant risk factor for lung cancer, yet the precise magnitude of its contribution to the global lung cancer burden remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the harms associated with lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke whil...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Trends-differences-and-future-projections-of-lung-cancer-attributable-to-secondhand,202228,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
Secondhand smoke (SHS) has long been identified as a significant
risk factor for lung cancer, yet the precise magnitude of its contribution to the
global lung cancer burden remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the harms
associated with lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke while emphasizing the
importance of avoiding SHS.
Methods
The annual deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data were
obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 for this secondary
dataset analysis. Trends in mortality and DALYs were evaluated, along with
correlations with the sociodemographic index (SDI). Projections from 2021 to
2036 utilized a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.
Results
In 1990, SHS-related lung cancer was responsible for approximately
0.058 million deaths and 1.599 million DALYs, globally. By 2021, these numbers
had increased to approximately 0.098 million deaths and 2.356 million DALYs
worldwide. Between 1990 and 2021, SHS-related lung cumulatively caused 2.428
million deaths and 62.785 million DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, deaths and DALYs
increased significantly, while age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and agestandardized
DALY rates (ASDR) decreased. Specifically, ASMR decreased from
1.45 to 1.14, and ASDR dropped from 38.40 to 26.93. The high-middle SDI region
bore the largest burden, accounting for nearly 40% of global deaths and DALYs.
East Asia held the highest burden of lung cancer attributable to secondhand
smoke in 2021, while Oceania had the lowest burden. Projections suggest that
male ASMR will decline to 1.18 by 2036, while female ASMR is expected to rise
to 0.91 by 2029 before decreasing to 0.89 by 2036.
Conclusions
The considerable burden of lung cancer attributable to secondhand
smoke underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions,
particularly in high-risk demographics and regions. To mitigate disparities and
enhance global health outcomes, it is crucial to prioritize the avoidance of SHS
and the establishment of smoke-free environments. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |