Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon

Abstract In Cameroon, the management of uncomplicated malaria cases in the communities and in low-resource health facilities rely on the use of reliable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This work was undertaken to determine the trend in human malaria infection in rural settings of Central Cameroon and...

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Main Authors: Viviane Ongbassomben Missoup, Pierre Fongho Suh, Carine Nkodo Ndjebakal, Darus Tagne, Yacouba Poumachu, Steve Joko, Alima Kouamendjouo Djilla, Flobert Njiokou, Wilfred Mbacham, Charles Wondji, Cyrille Ndo
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13688-8
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author Viviane Ongbassomben Missoup
Pierre Fongho Suh
Carine Nkodo Ndjebakal
Darus Tagne
Yacouba Poumachu
Steve Joko
Alima Kouamendjouo Djilla
Flobert Njiokou
Wilfred Mbacham
Charles Wondji
Cyrille Ndo
author_facet Viviane Ongbassomben Missoup
Pierre Fongho Suh
Carine Nkodo Ndjebakal
Darus Tagne
Yacouba Poumachu
Steve Joko
Alima Kouamendjouo Djilla
Flobert Njiokou
Wilfred Mbacham
Charles Wondji
Cyrille Ndo
author_sort Viviane Ongbassomben Missoup
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In Cameroon, the management of uncomplicated malaria cases in the communities and in low-resource health facilities rely on the use of reliable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This work was undertaken to determine the trend in human malaria infection in rural settings of Central Cameroon and assess the diagnostic performance of Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in March 2022 and May 2024. Plasmodium infection was detected using RDT and microscopy techniques, and with real-time PCR for validation of discordant results. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR + and LR-), accuracy and agreement were calculated to assess the performance of the RDT. Plasmodium infection prevalence was 64.9% and 71.7% by microscopy and RDT, respectively, Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant species (microscopy:97.48%). With microscopy as reference, the RDT showed high sensitivity (Se:93.37%; CI:91.15%-95.77%) and low specificity (Sp: 68.50%; CI:62.40%-74.17%) for the detection of P. falciparum infection. The positive and negative predictive values were respectively 84.43% (CI:81.01%-87.46%) and 85.71% (CI:80.13%-90.22%). The RDT showed a small positive likelihood ratio (LR + = 2.96; CI:2.47-3.5734), a good negative likelihood ratio (LR-=0.09; CI:0.06–0.13) and moderate agreement (k = 0.652; CI:0.593–0.710; P < 0.001) with microscopy. The RDT showed higher sensitivity (81.48% vs. 48.14%), accuracy (0.75 and vs. 0.50), and agreement (AC1 = 0.715 vs. 0.371) than microscopy. The Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT demonstrated a high level of agreement with the most sensitive qPCR technique compared to microscopy. These findings further support its use as a reliable malaria diagnostic tool in the highly endemic setting of Central Cameroon.
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spelling doaj-art-bfcd5bb3037c4055816ad00ed9d7f0cc2025-08-20T04:03:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-13688-8Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central CameroonViviane Ongbassomben Missoup0Pierre Fongho Suh1Carine Nkodo Ndjebakal2Darus Tagne3Yacouba Poumachu4Steve Joko5Alima Kouamendjouo Djilla6Flobert Njiokou7Wilfred Mbacham8Charles Wondji9Cyrille Ndo10Faculty of Sciences, The University of Yaoundé IDepartment of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Faculty of Sciences, The University of Yaoundé IDepartment of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC)Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC)Faculty of Sciences, The University of Yaoundé IFaculty of Sciences, The University of Yaoundé IFaculty of Sciences, The University of Yaoundé IVector group, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Abstract In Cameroon, the management of uncomplicated malaria cases in the communities and in low-resource health facilities rely on the use of reliable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This work was undertaken to determine the trend in human malaria infection in rural settings of Central Cameroon and assess the diagnostic performance of Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in March 2022 and May 2024. Plasmodium infection was detected using RDT and microscopy techniques, and with real-time PCR for validation of discordant results. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR + and LR-), accuracy and agreement were calculated to assess the performance of the RDT. Plasmodium infection prevalence was 64.9% and 71.7% by microscopy and RDT, respectively, Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant species (microscopy:97.48%). With microscopy as reference, the RDT showed high sensitivity (Se:93.37%; CI:91.15%-95.77%) and low specificity (Sp: 68.50%; CI:62.40%-74.17%) for the detection of P. falciparum infection. The positive and negative predictive values were respectively 84.43% (CI:81.01%-87.46%) and 85.71% (CI:80.13%-90.22%). The RDT showed a small positive likelihood ratio (LR + = 2.96; CI:2.47-3.5734), a good negative likelihood ratio (LR-=0.09; CI:0.06–0.13) and moderate agreement (k = 0.652; CI:0.593–0.710; P < 0.001) with microscopy. The RDT showed higher sensitivity (81.48% vs. 48.14%), accuracy (0.75 and vs. 0.50), and agreement (AC1 = 0.715 vs. 0.371) than microscopy. The Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT demonstrated a high level of agreement with the most sensitive qPCR technique compared to microscopy. These findings further support its use as a reliable malaria diagnostic tool in the highly endemic setting of Central Cameroon.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13688-8MalariaAbbott Bioline Malaria ag pf/pan rapid diagnostic testCentral-Cameroon
spellingShingle Viviane Ongbassomben Missoup
Pierre Fongho Suh
Carine Nkodo Ndjebakal
Darus Tagne
Yacouba Poumachu
Steve Joko
Alima Kouamendjouo Djilla
Flobert Njiokou
Wilfred Mbacham
Charles Wondji
Cyrille Ndo
Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
Scientific Reports
Malaria
Abbott Bioline Malaria ag pf/pan rapid diagnostic test
Central-Cameroon
title Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
title_full Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
title_fullStr Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
title_full_unstemmed Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
title_short Malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the Abbott Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid test in rural populations of Central Cameroon
title_sort malaria infection prevalence and diagnostic performance of the abbott bioline malaria ag p f pan rapid test in rural populations of central cameroon
topic Malaria
Abbott Bioline Malaria ag pf/pan rapid diagnostic test
Central-Cameroon
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13688-8
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